Antimicrobial Resistance: The Major Contribution of Poor Governance and Corruption to This Growing Problem

Collignon, Peter; Athukorala, Prema‐chandra; Senanayake, Sanjaya; Khan, Fahad

doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0116746

Cited by 131 publications

(142 citation statements)

References 27 publications

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“…Improving government effectiveness could be a vital step towards meeting UN Sustainable Development Goal 7 of ensuring access to modern energy for all. Our finding provides an example of the wide-ranging impact of institutions, complementing other examples such as the finding of Collignon et al [55] that poor governance contributes to the adverse public health outcome of antibiotic resistance.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 76%

The Importance of Government Effectiveness for Transitions toward Greater Electrification in Developing Countries

Best

Burke

2017

Energies

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Electricity is a vital factor underlying modern living standards, but there are many developing countries with low levels of electricity access and use. We seek to systematically identify the crucial elements underlying transitions toward greater electrification in developing countries. We use a cross-sectional regression approach with national-level data up to 2012 for 135 low-and middle-income countries. The paper finds that the effectiveness of governments is the most important governance attribute for encouraging the transition to increased electrification in developing countries, on average. The results add to the growing evidence on the importance of governance for development outcomes. Donors seeking to make more successful contributions to electrification may wish to target countries with more effective governments.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 76%

The Importance of Government Effectiveness for Transitions toward Greater Electrification in Developing Countries

Best

Burke

2017

Energies

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“…120 On the other hand, it has been consistently shown that those areas where the usage is high, the resistance is widespread both in community and hospital settings. 7,121,122,123 Since the problem of emerging resistance is multifaceted, its prevention and control will require multiple, coordinated interventions by various parties. 119 At the hospital level; education and promotion of prudent use of antimicrobials, development and effective use of rapid and point of care diagnostic tests, devising effective surveillance systems for monitoring resistance and implementation of effective infection control programmes are essential parts of an antibiotic stewardship program.…”

Section: Acinetobacter Baumanniimentioning

confidence: 99%

“…6 Poor governance and corruption have also been suggested to contribute to the levels of AMR in a given country. 7 …”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Epidemiology of antimicrobial resistance in bloodstream infections

2016

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Antimicrobial resistance in bacterial pathogens is a worldwide challenge leading high morbidity and mortality in clinical settings. Multidrug resistant patterns in gram-positive and -negative bacteria have resulted in difficult-to-treat or even untreatable infections with conventional antimicrobials. Since the early identification of causative microorganisms and their antimicrobial susceptibility patterns in patients with bacteremia and other serious infections is lacking in many healthcare institutions, broad spectrum antibiotics are liberally and mostly unnecessarily used. Such practice has, in turn, caused dramatic increases in emerging resistance and when coupled with poor practice of infection control, resistant bacteria can easily be disseminated to the other patients and the environment. Thus, availability of updated epidemiological data on antimicrobial resistance in frequently encountered bacterial pathogens will be useful not only for deciding on empirical treatment strategies, but also devising an effective antimicrobial stewardship program in hospitals.

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“…For example, in a study by Bjerrum et al [10] it was discovered that national differences in prescription rates do not tend to mirror the prevalence of bacterial infections, but are related to national recommendations, treatment traditions and pharmaceutical marketing. Other contextual factors found to be important in the previous literature are type of health-care system [9], corruption [11,12] and a number of cultural factors [13,14], for example, risk aversion [15,16].…”

Section: Previous Researchmentioning

confidence: 99%