Antimicrobial resistance trends of non-fermenter Gram negative bacteria in Saudi Arabia: A six-year national study

Somily, Ali M.; Balkhy, Hanan H.; Enani, Mushira; Althawadi, Sahar; Alawi, Maha; Johani, Sameera M. Al; Aljindan, Reem; Albarrak, Ali; AlAjlan, Hisham; AlAgeel, Abdulaziz A.; Roushdy, Hala; Dada, Hebah; Al-Abdely, Hail M.

doi:10.1016/j.jiph.2021.07.007

Cited by 13 publications

(8 citation statements)

References 26 publications

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“…In recent years, the increase in carbapenem-resistant frequency among P. aeruginosa is becoming a major challenge. The reported rates of carbapenem resistance seem to be considerably different (12-67%) in various regions [15][16][17] . In this study, it was observed that the carbapenem's resistance rates were consistent with the previous studies.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 97%

Evaluation of toxin-antitoxin genes, antibiotic resistance, and virulence genes in Pseudomonas aeruginosa isolates

Çoşkun

Dagcıoğlu

2023

Rev. Assoc. Med. Bras.

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OBJECTIVE: Toxin-antitoxin genes RelBE and HigBA are known to be involved in the formation of biofilm, which is an important virulence factor for Pseudomonas aeruginosa. The purpose of this study was to determine the presence of toxin-antitoxin genes and exoenzyme S and exotoxin A virulence genes in P. aeruginosa isolates and whether there is a relationship between toxin-antitoxin genes and virulence genes as well as antibiotic resistance. METHODS: Identification of the isolates and antibiotic susceptibilities was determined by a VITEK 2 (bioMérieux, France) automated system. The presence of toxin-antitoxin genes, virulence genes, and transcription levels were detected by real-time polymerase chain reaction. RESULTS: RelBE and HigBA genes were detected in 94.3% (82/87) of P. aeruginosa isolates, and exoenzyme S and exotoxin A genes were detected in all of the isolates (n=87). All of the isolates that harbor the toxin-antitoxin and virulence genes were transcribed. There was a significant increase in the RelBE gene transcription level in imipenem-and meropenem-sensitive isolates and in the HigBA gene transcription level in amikacin-sensitive isolates (p<0.05). There was a significant correlation between RelBE and exoenzyme S (p=0.001). CONCLUSION: The findings suggest that antibiotic resistance may be linked to toxin-antitoxin genes. Furthermore, the relationship between RelBE and exoenzyme S indicates that toxin-antitoxin genes in P. aeruginosa isolates are not only related to antibiotic resistance but also play an influential role in bacterial virulence. Larger collections of comprehensive studies on this subject are required. These studies should contribute significantly to the solution of the antibiotic resistance problem.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 97%

Evaluation of toxin-antitoxin genes, antibiotic resistance, and virulence genes in Pseudomonas aeruginosa isolates

Çoşkun

Dagcıoğlu

2023

Rev. Assoc. Med. Bras.

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“…In the CDC report, Carbapenem-resistant Acinetobacter showed the greatest increase in hospital-onset threat estimate among MDR organisms from 2019 to 2020 (78% increase), while MDR P. aeruginosa's hospitalonset threat estimate increased by 32% (23). This high antimicrobial resistance among NFGNB can be traced back to the pre-COVID-19 era (27). VAP due to NFGNB has been reported to recur at a higher rate than VAP involving other organisms (28).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

64: Bacterial Respiratory Infections in Patients With Covid-19: A Retrospective Study From a Tertiary Care Center in Lebanon

Shmoury¹,

Sawma²,

Haddad³

et al. 2022

Journal of Global Antimicrobial Resistance

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“…23,24 The current prevalence of AMR in Saudi Arabia is higher than in other regions. 25,26 Multi-drug resistance (MDR) in Gram-negative bacilli (GNB) showed a substantial increase in the carbapenemresistant GNB in Saudi Arabia over the last decade compared to the 1990s. It also documented the increasing prevalence of extendedspectrum beta-lactamase (ESBL) producing isolates in Saudi Arabia.…”

Section: Drug Resistancementioning

confidence: 99%

“…The current prevalence of AMR in Saudi Arabia is higher than in other regions 25,26 . Multi‐drug resistance (MDR) in Gram‐negative bacilli (GNB) showed a substantial increase in the carbapenem‐resistant GNB in Saudi Arabia over the last decade compared to the 1990s.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Current state of antimicrobial stewardship and organ transplantation in Saudi Arabia

Almaziad

Bosaeed

2022

Transplant Infectious Dis

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Background Antimicrobial resistance constitutes a major public health issue that leads to poor outcomes and increased costs associated with healthcare. Solid organ transplant recipients are more prone due to prolonged exposure to antimicrobials. Methods We reviewed existing programs in the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia and pattern of drug resistance, and the extent of transplant medicine in the kingdom through published articles in databases and official documents from health authorities. Results A national committee for antimicrobial resistance (AMR) was established to set the guidelines required for an antimicrobial stewardship program (ASP), especially when there is a high prevalence of AMR. A survey noted that ASPs are implemented in only 26% of Saudi Ministry of Health hospitals. Factors affecting the implementation of ASPs in Saudi hospitals included a lack of necessary staff resources and specific ASP staff/teams to advocate adopting ASP in the organizations. Specific attention should be given to transplant patients as transplantations are expected to increase in the next few years. No antimicrobial stewardship programs are currently specifically tailored to transplant centers. Conclusion The current healthcare system transformation in Saudi Arabia should take into consideration the urgent need for effective ASP that might help face the increasing trends in the multidrug‐resistant organisms (MDRO) prevalence rate.

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Antimicrobial resistance trends of non-fermenter Gram negative bacteria in Saudi Arabia: A six-year national study

Cited by 13 publications

References 26 publications

Evaluation of toxin-antitoxin genes, antibiotic resistance, and virulence genes in Pseudomonas aeruginosa isolates

Evaluation of toxin-antitoxin genes, antibiotic resistance, and virulence genes in Pseudomonas aeruginosa isolates

64: Bacterial Respiratory Infections in Patients With Covid-19: A Retrospective Study From a Tertiary Care Center in Lebanon

Current state of antimicrobial stewardship and organ transplantation in Saudi Arabia

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