Antimicrobial Resistance, Virulence Factors, and Genetic Profiles of Vibrio parahaemolyticus from Seafood

Abstract

is a widespread bacterium in the marine environment and is responsible for gastroenteritis in humans. Foodborne infections are mainly associated with the consumption of contaminated raw or undercooked fish and shellfish. The aim of this study was to determine the antimicrobial resistance, virulence factors, and genetic profiles of isolates from seafood originating from different countries. A total of 104 (17.5%) isolates were recovered from 595 analyzed samples. The isolates were tested for the presence of the and genes, involved in the pathogenesis of infections in humans, and these genes were detected in 3 (2.9%) and 11 (10.6%) isolates, respectively. The -positive isolates also possessed the gene, which is responsible for urease production. Moreover, the activity of protease A was identified in all strains. Antimicrobial resistance revealed that most isolates were resistant to ampicillin (75.0%) and streptomycin (68.3%), whereas all strains were sensitive to chloramphenicol and tetracyclines. Most of the isolates (55.8%) showed resistance against two classes of antimicrobials, mainly to ampicillin and streptomycin (46.2%). Only one isolate displayed a multiresistant pattern. Genotypic analysis of revealed a high degree of diversity among the isolates tested. The pulsed-field gel electrophoresis (PFGE) method distinguished 73 clonal groups, and the most numerous group consisted of 7 strains. Sequencing by the multilocus sequence typing (MLST) method showed 76 sequence types (STs), of which ST481 and ST1361 were most frequently identified. In addition, 51 (67.1%) new sequence types were discovered and added to the PubMLST international database. The presence of in seafood may pose a risk for consumers, especially in countries where shellfish are eaten raw. In recent years, a significant increase of food poisoning caused by these bacteria has been also observed in Europe. Our results highlight the high level of contamination of seafood, along with the isolates being potentially pathogenic for humans. However, the first-line antimicrobials, such as tetracyclines and fluoroquinolones, remained highly effective against The monitoring of antimicrobial resistance of isolates is important to ensure the high efficacy in the treatment of human infections. Most of strains possessed new sequence types (STs), which showed the high genetic diversity of the isolates tested.

Genetic and virulence characterisation of Vibrio parahaemolyticus isolated from Indian coast

“…Though considered a "gold standard", it is only recently that PFGE has been extensively employed for subtyping environmental strains of V. parahaemolyticus [8,42,43]. The PFGE pattern of the 15 isolates of this study showed considerable diversity and the new serovars having pandemic attributes were not related to the pandemic O3:K6 isolate.…”

Comparative Proteomics and Secretomics Revealed Virulence and Antibiotic Resistance-Associated Factors in Vibrio parahaemolyticus Recovered From Commonly Consumed Aquatic Products

“…Yang et al (2017) isolated 98 V. parahaemolyticus strains from 504 seafood samples in 11 provinces of China and found that 68.38% of the isolates showed MDR phenotypes. Recently, Lopatek et al (2018) reported that 55.8% of the V. parahaemolyticus isolates (n = 104) recovered from 595 samples collected from Denmark, France, Germany, Italy, the Netherlands, Norway, Poland, Spain, Sri Lanka, and Turkey had resistance to ampicillin and streptomycin and one isolate resistant to ampicillin, streptomycin, and ciprofloxacin. Therefore, identification of virulence and resistance-associated factors in V. parahaemolyticus is imperative for food safety systems, particularly in developing countries.…”

Virulence gene, antimicrobial resistance and phylogenetic characterization of Vibrio parahaemolyticus in migratory birds, Guangdong

“…In recent years, some studies shown that serotypes other than the O3:K6 pandemic clone also contain strong virulence genes [6]. For example, some non-pandemic clone strains of VP also had a single tdh without a toxRS, or some the strains contained thermostable related hemolysin (trh) and urease (ure) [7]. V. parahaemolyticus containing these genes could also cause cholera-like food poisoning.…”

“…V. parahaemolyticus containing these genes could also cause cholera-like food poisoning. Thermolabile hemolysin gene (tlh) was generally considered to be non-pathogenic, but there were experiments [7]. It was indicated that raw seafood infected with VP containing the tlh could also cause diarrhea and blood in the stool.…”

“…It was indicated that raw seafood infected with VP containing the tlh could also cause diarrhea and blood in the stool. Some VP strains also had effector proteins in the type III secretion system and the type IV secretion system [7][8][9]. In addition, VP forms a viable but non-cultivable (VBNC) state when the external conditions were poor (eg, lower temperature, lower pH, lower nutrient conditions, etc.)…”