Antimicrobial resistance, virulence genes and molecular subtypes of S. Enteritidis isolated from children in Shanghai

Abstract

# These two authors contributed equally to this work. AbstractIntroduction: Antimicrobial resistance of Salmonella poses a key threat to public health worldwide. Salmonella Enteritidis (S. Enteritidis) (119 isolates) from children under 10 years old with diarrhea in Shanghai from 2010-2012 were characterized for antimicrobial susceptibility, virulence gene profiles and pulsed field gel electrophoresis (PFGE) patterns. Methodology: The minimum inhibitory concentration for the 119 S. Enteritidis isolates was determined using an agar dilution method. The presence of virulence genes was detected by polymerase chain reaction (PCR). All the isolates with antimicrobial resistance were subjected to PFGE analysis. Results: Among these isolates, 71.4% (85) were resistant to sulfafurazole, 59.7% (71) were resistant to ampicillin, 47.1% (56) were resistant to streptomycin, 7.6% (9) were resistant to ceftiofur and 3.4% (4) were resistant to ceftriaxone. Multidrug resistance (MDR) was found in 63.9% (76) of the isolates; 23 resistance profiles were identified. All isolates harbored the ssaQ and sopE virulence genes in the 16 virulence profiles (VPs); VP1 accounted for 70.59% of the 119 isolates. There were 57 PFGE patterns among the 92 isolates tested, mainly grouped into five clusters (A to E). All of the 76 MDR isolates carried multiple virulence genes. Conclusions: Our study provides useful microbiological data for the successful treatment of S. Enteritidis infections in Shanghai. Although broad spectrum antimicrobials may be useful in the treatment of invasive S. Enteritidis infections, clinicians need to be aware of common microbiological traits, because of the high prevalence of MDR.

Antimicrobial resistance and molecular genotyping of Salmonella enterica serovar Enteritidis clinical isolates from Guizhou province of Southwestern China

“…All (100%) S . Enteritidis isolates were resistant to at least one antimicrobial agent, which was higher than those reported from the Midwestern United States (50%), Spanish (61.7%), Serbia (22%) and Shanghai (77.3%) [23–26]. Furthermore, a high proportion (81.0%) of MDR S .…”

“…PFGE genotyping can be used to ascertain the homology of the same serotype isolates [26]. Genetic diversity among S .…”

Highly prevalent MDR, frequently carrying virulence genes and antimicrobial resistance genes in Salmonella enterica serovar 4,[5],12:i:- isolates from Guizhou Province, China

“…The pathogenicity of Salmonella involves different virulence genes, which contribute to the invasionand reproduction of Salmonella in a complex environment [ 13 ]. The invA , sseL , mgtC , siiE , and sopB genes were highly conserved and were genetic markers for the Salmonella pathogenicity island (SPI) in Salmonella [ 51 ]. The high prevalence of these virulence genes in our study also indicated widespread and highly conserved.…”