Antimicrobial Responses in Amphibia

Turner, Rodney

doi:10.1177/014107687907200913

Cited by 7 publications

(5 citation statements)

References 22 publications

Supporting

Mentioning

Contrasting

Order By: Relevance

“…Therefore it seems plausible but not conclusive that a relatively heat-stable macromolecule, most likely IgM, with high agglutinating capability is the only antibody produced during the primary immune response to C. fasciculata choanomastigotes. Similar results have been reported for the response of amphibians to bacterial antigens (1,36). In contrast, Xenopus laevis produced heat-labile, 2-ME sensitive, LMW (7S) antibodies of non-mammalian IgG type which reached maximum titer three weeks after primary challenge with Salmonella tennessee flagella (37).…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 70%

The Primary Immune Response of the Green Toad (Bufo viridis) to Challenge with Crithidia fasciculata

Al-Yaman

Ingram

1987

Microbiology and Immunology

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

The primary immune response of the green toad (Bufo viridis) following immunization with Crithidia fasciculata choanomastigotes was studied. Lysins, agglutinins, and antibodies detectable by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) were first detected in the sera of immunized animals one week after injection. The antibody titers increased to significant levels (P<0.01) and maximum values were reached seven weeks post-immunization.The stimulated immunoglobulins were antigen-specific, partially heat-labile, sensitive to the reducing agent dithiothreitol, possessed precipitin activity, effectively fixed complement and exhibited an electrophoretic mobility similar to the 7-globulins of human serum. On this basis, it is probable that the antibody produced during the primary response in green toads is high molecular weight IgM. Increases in serum lysozyme levels paralleled the rise of antibody titers. Overall, the lysozyme concentration increased two-fold compared to the appropriate controls. This is the first report of the immune response in amphibians to experimental injection with protozoan parasites and the use of the ELISA technique to detect antibodies in amphibian sera.

show abstract

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 70%

The Primary Immune Response of the Green Toad (Bufo viridis) to Challenge with Crithidia fasciculata

Al-Yaman

Ingram

1987

Microbiology and Immunology

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…4 and No. 88 were once classified as B0IVe and B0Vpe by Turner (1979). Both of them, however, did not show any distinct Hα emission in our spectra.…”

Section: Early Type Emission-line Starsmentioning

confidence: 60%

“…No. 72 was assigned O7V((f)), O9Ia and O9.5III respectively by Turner (1979), Massey et al (1995) and here. The spreads among spectral types for the above two stars(and maybe some others of similar cases in Table 2 through 4) as classified from time to time may indicate possible changes of spectral features due to some reason(s), rather than misclassification in the spectral types.…”

Section: Ngc 6823mentioning

confidence: 97%

See 1 more Smart Citation

Spectroscopic observations of young open clusters: IC 1805, NGC 654 and NGC 6823

Shi

1999

Astron. Astrophys. Suppl. Ser.

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Abstract. Spectroscopic observations were made for a sample of 263 stars from three young open clusters IC 1805, NGC 654 and NGC 6823 with CCD detectors in the blue and yellow-red spectral regions. MKK types were properly determined for these stars by carefully comparing spectra of program stars with those of a complete grid of MKK standards, which were observed with the same instruments as the program stars. For most of the observed stars precise MKK types were assigned for the first time. A few of early-type emission-line stars were discovered or confirmed. The presence of Be stars in the studied clusters is discussed. Spectra of the observed MKK standards also reveal lots of features showing temperature or luminosity effect in the yellow-red region, which helped in our stellar spectral classification.

show abstract

“…In last decades, the emergence of antibiotic-resistant bacteria and its related consequences has raised the interest for the development of new antimicrobial materials. Historically, the antimicrobial capacity of different metals, such as Ag, Au, Cu, Zn, or Ti, has been known, studied, and used for a variety of applications. , However, in recent years, the use of those metals as nanoparticles (NPs) or nanostructures has been demonstrated to be more efficient as bulk materials due to their high surface-to-volume ratio. In addition, NPs develop their antimicrobial action through different mechanisms compared to the traditional antimicrobial agents, , which is an advantage against the resistant bacteria.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Design and Synthesis of Copper Nanobiomaterials with Antimicrobial Properties

Ortega-Nieto

Losada-Garcia

Pessela

et al. 2023

ACS Bio Med Chem Au

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

In this work, nanostructured copper materials have been designed, synthetized, and evaluated in order to produce a more efficient and sustainable copper bionanohybrid with catalytical and antimicrobial properties. Thus, conditions are sought where the most critical steps are reduced or minimized, such as the use of reducing agents or the cryogenization step. In addition, the new materials have been characterized through different techniques, and their oxidative and reductive capacities, as well as their antimicrobial activity, have been evaluated. The addition of different quantities of a reducing agent in the synthesis method generated copper bionanohybrids with different metallic species, nanoparticles sizes, and structures. The antimicrobial properties of the bionanohybrids were studied against different strains of Gram-positive and Gram-negative bacteria through two different methods: by counting the CFU and via the disk diffusion test, respectively. The bionanohybrids have demonstrated that different efficiencies depending on the bacterial strain were confronted with. The Cu-PHOS-100% R hybrids with the highest percentage of reduction showed the best antimicrobial efficiency against Escherichia coli and Klebsiella pneumoniae bacteria (>96 or >77% in 4 h, respectively) compared to 31% bacteria reduction using Cu-PHOS-0% R. Also, the antimicrobial activity against Bacillus subtilis materials was obtained with Cu-PHOS-100% R (31 mm inhibition zone and 125 μg/mL minimum inhibitory concentration value). Interestingly, the better antimicrobial activity of the nanobiohybrids against Gram-positive bacteria Mycobacterium smegmatis was obtained with some with a lower reduction step in the synthesis, Cu-PHOS-10% R or Cu-PHOS-20% R (>94% bacterial reduction in 4 h).

show abstract

Antimicrobial Responses in Amphibia

Cited by 7 publications

References 22 publications

The Primary Immune Response of the Green Toad (Bufo viridis) to Challenge with Crithidia fasciculata

The Primary Immune Response of the Green Toad (Bufo viridis) to Challenge with Crithidia fasciculata

Spectroscopic observations of young open clusters: IC 1805, NGC 654 and NGC 6823

Design and Synthesis of Copper Nanobiomaterials with Antimicrobial Properties

Contact Info

Product

Resources

About