Antimicrobial Responses in the Male Reproductive Tract of Lipopolysaccharide Challenged Rats

Biswas, Barnali; Yenugu, Suresh

doi:10.1111/j.1600-0897.2010.00937.x

Cited by 24 publications

(25 citation statements)

References 56 publications

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“…Specific knock out of AR in Sertoli or Leydig cells caused male infertility with spermatogenic arrest and hypotestosteronemia [30]–[32]. Several earlier studies demonstrated that acute LPS challenge caused a marked decrease in serum T level in adult male mice and rats [33], [34]. In the current study, we investigated whether maternal LPS exposure decreased T production in male offspring.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 89%

Maternal LPS Exposure during Pregnancy Impairs Testicular Development, Steroidogenesis and Spermatogenesis in Male Offspring

Wang

Yang

et al. 2014

PLoS ONE

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Lipopolysaccharide (LPS) is associated with adverse developmental outcomes including embryonic resorption, fetal death, congenital teratogenesis and fetal growth retardation. Here, we explored the effects of maternal LPS exposure during pregnancy on testicular development, steroidogenesis and spermatogenesis in male offspring. The pregnant mice were intraperitoneally injected with LPS (50 µg/kg) daily from gestational day (GD) 13 to GD 17. At fetal period, a significant decrease in body weight and abnormal Leydig cell aggregations were observed in males whose mothers were exposed to LPS during pregnancy. At postnatal day (PND) 26, anogenital distance (AGD), a sensitive index of altered androgen action, was markedly reduced in male pups whose mothers were exposed to LPS daily from GD13 to GD 17. At PND35, the weight of testes, prostates and seminal vesicles, and serum testosterone (T) level were significantly decreased in LPS-treated male pups. At adulthood, the number of sperm was significantly decreased in male offspring whose mothers were exposed to LPS on GD 13–17. Maternal LPS exposure during gestation obviously diminished the percent of seminiferous tubules in stages I–VI, increased the percent of seminiferous tubules in stages IX–XII, and caused massive sloughing of germ cells in seminiferous tubules in mouse testes. Moreover, maternal LPS exposure significantly reduced serum T level in male mice whose mothers were exposed to LPS challenge during pregnancy. Taken together, these results suggest that maternal LPS exposure during pregnancy disrupts T production. The decreased T synthesis might be associated with LPS-induced impairments for spermatogenesis in male offspring.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 89%

Maternal LPS Exposure during Pregnancy Impairs Testicular Development, Steroidogenesis and Spermatogenesis in Male Offspring

Wang

Yang

et al. 2014

PLoS ONE

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“…In the LPS-induced rat model of epididymitis, the expression of ␤-defensin (Defb) 29, 41, and 42 did not change significantly after LPS treatment, whereas the mRNA levels of the other nine members were significantly decreased, including SPAG11E (14). Another report showed that LPS challenge induced the expression of Spag11 mRNA variants and defensins in the male reproductive tract of rats, followed by a concomitant increase in protein expression (13). These apparent differences might derive from the methods by which LPS was administered (i.e.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Some human epididymal DEFBs, such as DEFB118 (formerly ESC42), SPAG11E (also known as Bin1b), and DEFB126, possess both antimicrobial and diverse functions in sperm fertility. Moreover, a previous study suggested that defensins might play roles in the protection against LPS-induced inflammation because the intraperitoneal injection of rats with LPS increased the production of Spag11 variants and major defensin expression in the male reproductive tract (13). However, in a rat model of epididymitis, LPS-induced epididymitis decreased the expression of epididymal ␤-defensins, disrupted SPAG11E expression, and resulted in the impairment of sperm motility (14).…”

mentioning

confidence: 97%

The Novel Human β-Defensin 114 Regulates Lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-mediated Inflammation and Protects Sperm from Motility Loss

Dong

et al. 2013

Journal of Biological Chemistry

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Background: Human ␤-defensins are predominantly expressed in the male reproductive system, but their functions remain unknown. Results: Recombinant human DEFB114 rescues human sperm motility and D-GalN-sensitized mice under LPS challenges through its LPS-neutralizing activity. Conclusion: Recombinant DEFB114 peptides have therapeutic potential for LPS-induced inflammatory diseases.Significance: This work contributes to unveiling novel functions of human ␤-defensins that are crucial for addressing their physiological and pathological mechanisms.

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“…The effect of endotoxin challenge on Pate expression was investigated in vitro and in vivo following the methodology described earlier [42], [43]. For the in vitro experiments, caput, cauda and testis from adult rats were dissected and cut into two longitudinal halves.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…LPS dose and site of injection was chosen based on previous reports [43]. Rats were sacrificed at 3, 6, 9, 15 and 24 h after LPS treatment.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Genomic Organization, Tissue Distribution and Functional Characterization of the Rat Pate Gene Cluster

Angireddy

Yenugu

2012

PLoS ONE

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The cysteine rich p rostate a nd t estis e xpressed ( Pate ) proteins identified till date are thought to resemble the three fingered protein/urokinase-type plasminogen activator receptor proteins. In this study, for the first time, we report the identification, cloning and characterization of rat Pate gene cluster and also determine the expression pattern. The rat Pate genes are clustered on chromosome 8 and their predicted proteins retained the ten cysteine signature characteristic to TFP/Ly-6 protein family. PATE and PATE-F three dimensional protein structure was found to be similar to that of the toxin bucandin. Though Pate gene expression is thought to be prostate and testis specific, we observed that rat Pate genes are also expressed in seminal vesicle and epididymis and in tissues beyond the male reproductive tract. In the developing rats (20–60 day old), expression of Pate genes seem to be androgen dependent in the epididymis and testis. In the adult rat, androgen ablation resulted in down regulation of the majority of Pate genes in the epididymides. PATE and PATE-F proteins were found to be expressed abundantly in the male reproductive tract of rats and on the sperm. Recombinant PATE protein exhibited potent antibacterial activity, whereas PATE-F did not exhibit any antibacterial activity. Pate expression was induced in the epididymides when challenged with LPS. Based on our results, we conclude that rat PATE proteins may contribute to the reproductive and defense functions.

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Antimicrobial Responses in the Male Reproductive Tract of Lipopolysaccharide Challenged Rats

Cited by 24 publications

References 56 publications

Maternal LPS Exposure during Pregnancy Impairs Testicular Development, Steroidogenesis and Spermatogenesis in Male Offspring

Maternal LPS Exposure during Pregnancy Impairs Testicular Development, Steroidogenesis and Spermatogenesis in Male Offspring

The Novel Human β-Defensin 114 Regulates Lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-mediated Inflammation and Protects Sperm from Motility Loss

Genomic Organization, Tissue Distribution and Functional Characterization of the Rat Pate Gene Cluster

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