Antimicrobial Stewardship in Captive Monkeys

Kim, Jeffrey; Habing, Gregory; Salyards, Gregory W; Coble, Dondrae J

doi:10.1007/978-3-030-52283-4_7

Cited by 3 publications

(3 citation statements)

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“…This was expected and in tandem with studies in humans where AMR was associated with enteric bacterial composition (Covington & Parmer, 2017 ; Isaac et al., 2017 ). Exposure to antimicrobials, even at low levels, in the environment leads to the selection for AMR bacteria in microflora‐rich environments such as the oral cavity and the gastrointestinal tract (Kim et al., 2020 ). The oral and rectal microbiota of NHPs have been associated with the transmission of pathogenic AMR bacteria through bites and the faecal–oral route (Abrahamian & Goldstein, 2011 ; Egbetade et al., 2020 ; Nguema et al., 2021 ; Sobreira et al., 2019 ).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Antimicrobial susceptibility profile of oral and rectal microbiota of non‐human primate species in Ghana: A threat to human health

Adade,

Tawiah,

Roos

et al. 2023

Veterinary Medicine & Sci

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BackgroundThe potential for the transfer of zoonotic diseases, including bacteria between human and non‐human primates (NHPs), is expected to rise. It is posited that NHPs that live in close contact with humans serve as sentinels and reservoirs for antibiotic‐resistant bacteria.ObjectivesThe objective was to characterize the oral and rectal bacteria in Ghanaian NHPs and profile the antimicrobial susceptibility of the isolated bacteria.MethodsOral and rectal swabs were obtained from 40 immobilized wild and captive NHPs from 7 locations in Ghana. Standard bacteriological procedures were used in the isolation, preliminary identification, automated characterization and antimicrobial susceptibility test (AST) of bacteria using the Vitek 2 Compact system.ResultsGram‐negative bacteria dominated isolates from the rectal swabs (n = 76, 85.4%), whereas Gram‐positive bacteria were more common in the oral swabs (n = 41, 82%). Staphylococcus haemolyticus (n = 7, 14%) was the most occurring bacterial species isolated from the oral swabs, whereas Escherichia coli (n = 32, 36%) dominated bacteria isolates from rectal swabs. Enterobacter spp. had the highest (39%) average phenotypic resistance to antimicrobials that were used for AST, whereas a trend of high resistance was recorded against norfloxacin, Ampicillin and Tetracycline in Gram‐negative bacteria. Similarly, among Gram‐positive bacteria, Staphylococcus spp. had the highest (25%) average phenotypic resistance to antimicrobials used for AST, and a trend of high resistance was recorded against penicillin G and oxacillin.ConclusionsThis study has established that apparently healthy NHPs that live in anthropized environments in Ghana harbour zoonotic and antimicrobial resistant bacteria.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Antimicrobial susceptibility profile of oral and rectal microbiota of non‐human primate species in Ghana: A threat to human health

Adade,

Tawiah,

Roos

et al. 2023

Veterinary Medicine & Sci

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“…Indeed, Joosten et al [17] in their study reported that the most common classes of antimicrobials used in companion animals were those classified as CIA. Moreover, the need for research on the link between welfare and AMU is also essential because the accumulation and development of AMR in zoo, pets, and laboratory animals is a reality and it has been documented by several studies [8,10,15], making this an aspect that cannot be underestimated. In fact, the spread of AMR from captive animals to humans and/or the wildlife is facilitated by several factors such as the release of threatened species in the wild through international conservation programs carried out by the zoos [13] or, in the case of companion animals, due to the human-animal relationship between owners and pets [56].…”

Section: The Link Between Animal Welfare and Antimicrobial Use: A Poo...mentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The role played by the veterinary sector has been mainly reported in studies on farm animals [5] which, among all the categories of animals raised and/or managed by humans, are likely to be the highest consumers of antimicrobials [6]. However, evidence of resistant bacteria has been described in all captive species (i.e., companion, laboratory (lab), and zoo animals) [7][8][9] making them reservoirs of AMR. For instance, an investigation by Álvarez-Pérez et al [10] reported that zoo species such as chimpanzees and Iberian ibex carried strains of Clostridioides difficile exhibiting resistance to antimicrobials commonly used in both veterinary and human medicine.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

A Systematic Review on the Link between Animal Welfare and Antimicrobial Use in Captive Animals

Costa

Diana

2022

Animals

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This systematic review aimed to assess the link between animal welfare and antimicrobial use (AMU) in captive species (i.e., farm, zoo, companion, and laboratory animals) and its effect. Studies empirically examining the effect of welfare on AMU or vice versa were included. Studies in wild animals were excluded. A total of 6610 studies were retrieved from PubMed® and Web of Science® in April 2021. Despite finding several papers superficially invoking the link between welfare and AMU, most did not delve into the characteristics of this link, leading to a small number of publications retained (n = 17). The majority (76%) of the publications were published from 2017–2021. Sixteen were on farm animals, and one publication was on laboratory animals. Most of the studies (82%) looked at the effect of animal welfare on AMU. The body of research retained suggests that, in farm animals, better animal welfare often leads to lower AMU, as was hypothesised, and that, generally, poor welfare is associated with higher AMU. Additionally, AMU restrictions in organic systems may prevent animals from receiving treatment when necessary. Limitations of this study include focusing only on empirical research and excluding non-peer reviewed evidence. More research is needed to corroborate these findings, especially on the link between animal welfare and AMU in other captive species.

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