Antimicrobial surfaces: A need for stewardship?

Cassidy, Sam S; Sanders, David J.; Wade, Jim; Parkin, Ivan P.; Carmalt, Claire J.; Smith, Andrew M.; Allan, Elaine

doi:10.1371/journal.ppat.1008880

Cited by 23 publications

(26 citation statements)

References 46 publications

(48 reference statements)

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“…Surprisingly, a review described that the survival time of coronavirus lasts up to 9 days on various objects at room temperature and low humidity [ 16 ]. A regular surface disinfection process could be performed using sodium hypochlorite (0.1%), hydrogen peroxide (0.5%), and ethanol (62–71%); however, the risk of virus transmission remains [ 17 ].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Past and Current Progress in the Development of Antiviral/Antimicrobial Polymer Coating towards COVID-19 Prevention: A Review

et al. 2021

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The astonishing outbreak of SARS-CoV-2 coronavirus, known as COVID-19, has attracted numerous research interests, particularly regarding fabricating antimicrobial surface coatings. This initiative is aimed at overcoming and minimizing viral and bacterial transmission to the human. When contaminated droplets from an infected individual land onto common surfaces, SARS-CoV-2 coronavirus is able to survive on various surfaces for up to 9 days. Thus, the possibility of virus transmission increases after touching or being in contact with contaminated surfaces. Herein, we aim to provide overviews of various types of antiviral and antimicrobial coating agents, such as antimicrobial polymer-based coating, metal-based coating, functional nanomaterial, and nanocomposite-based coating. The action mode for each type of antimicrobial agent against pathogens is elaborated. In addition, surface properties of the designed antiviral and antimicrobial polymer coating with their influencing factors are discussed in this review. This paper also exhibits several techniques on surface modification to improve surface properties. Various developed research on the development of antiviral/antimicrobial polymer coating to curb the COVID-19 pandemic are also presented in this review.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Past and Current Progress in the Development of Antiviral/Antimicrobial Polymer Coating towards COVID-19 Prevention: A Review

et al. 2021

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“…The latter is of significant importance as even up to 40% of microbial infections in hospital settings may spread through fomites, or microbe-contaminated materials [5,6]. Therefore, the introduction of antimicrobial surface materials that prevent the adhesion, proliferation or residence time of microbes would potentially provide great socioeconomic and health benefits [7]. In general, antimicrobial surfaces can be divided to those acting via the release of an antimicrobial agent, those acting upon direct contact between the microbe and the surface and to structured surfaces that usually avoid the binding of microbial cells to the surfaces [8].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Preparation and Characterization of Photocatalytically Active Antibacterial Surfaces Covered with Acrylic Matrix Embedded Nano-ZnO and Nano-ZnO/Ag

et al. 2021

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In the context of healthcare-acquired infections, microbial cross-contamination and the spread of antibiotic resistance, additional passive measures to prevent pathogen carryover are urgently needed. Antimicrobial high-touch surfaces that kill microbes on contact or prevent their adhesion could be considered to mitigate the spread. Here, we demonstrate that photocatalytic nano-ZnO- and nano-ZnO/Ag-based antibacterial surfaces with efficacy of at least a 2.7-log reduction in Escherichia coli and Staphylococcus aureus viability in 2 h can be produced by simple measures using a commercial acrylic topcoat for wood surfaces. We characterize the surfaces taking into account cyclic wear and variable environmental conditions. The light-induced antibacterial and photocatalytic activities of the surfaces are enhanced by short-term cyclic wear, indicating their potential for prolonged effectivity in long-term use. As the produced surfaces are generally more effective at higher relative air humidity and silver-containing surfaces lost their contact-killing properties in dry conditions, it is important to critically evaluate the end-use conditions of materials and surfaces to be tested and select application-appropriate methods for their efficacy assessment.

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“…By far the most straightforward strategy to design surfaces that target bacteria remains the incorporation, by physical adsorption, of an antimicrobial agent onto a polymeric matrix (2)(3)(4)(5). Such surfaces are deemed leaching, i.e., they kill bacteria upon release of the antimicrobial agent over time.…”

Section: Antimicrobial Surfaces That Leachmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Antimicrobial surfaces are needed to prevent the growth and spread of infectious microbes on a plethora of materials that routinely serve humans. They have become ubiquitous and indispensable in extending the shelf-life of both consumer and industrial goods as well as in reducing health risks across a wide range of sectors including health, food packaging, furniture, textiles, and the building and shipping industries ( 2 – 5 ). The outstanding impact of antimicrobial surfaces on boosting future technologies is predicted in the design of self-driving cars, for instance, where they will help to reduce the maintenance and downtime of key parts ( 6 ).…”

Section: Antimicrobial Surfaces—why Are They So Important?mentioning

confidence: 99%

Precision Design of Antimicrobial Surfaces

Mullen

Wan

Takala

et al. 2021

Front. Med. Technol.

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The overall expectation from an antimicrobial surface has been high considering the need for efficiency in preventing the attachment and growth of pathogenic microbes, durability, safety to both humans and environment as well as cost-effectiveness. To date, antimicrobial surface design has been mostly conducted liberally, without rigorous consideration of establishing robust structure-activity relationships for each design strategy or of the use intended for a specific antimicrobial material. However, the variability among the domain bacteria, which is the most diverse of all, alongside the highly dynamic nature of the bacteria-surface interface have taught us that the likelihood of finding universal antimicrobial surfaces is low. In this perspective we discuss some of the current hurdles faced by research in this promising field, emphasizing the relevance and complexity of probing the bacteria-surface interface, and explain why we feel it would greatly benefit from a more streamlined ad-hoc approach.

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Antimicrobial surfaces: A need for stewardship?

Cited by 23 publications

References 46 publications

Past and Current Progress in the Development of Antiviral/Antimicrobial Polymer Coating towards COVID-19 Prevention: A Review

Past and Current Progress in the Development of Antiviral/Antimicrobial Polymer Coating towards COVID-19 Prevention: A Review

Preparation and Characterization of Photocatalytically Active Antibacterial Surfaces Covered with Acrylic Matrix Embedded Nano-ZnO and Nano-ZnO/Ag

Precision Design of Antimicrobial Surfaces

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