Antimicrobial susceptibility of Clostridium difficile isolated from animals and humans in Brazil

Silva, Rodrigo; Oliveira, Carlos Augusto; Diniz, Amanda Nádia; Alves, Guilherme Guerra; Guedes, Roberto Maurício Carvalho; Vilela, Eduardo García; Lobato, Francisco Carlos Faria

doi:10.1590/s0103-84782014000500013

Cited by 8 publications

(7 citation statements)

References 29 publications

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“…In contrast, resistance to penicillin and tylosin has been reported in Brazil and other countries (BÅVERUD et al, 2003). Two (40%) and three (60%) strains had intermediate susceptibility profiles to erythromycin and oxytetracycline, similar to what was reported by SILVA et al (2014d). Two strains (40%) were resistant to lincomycin, while all strains (100%) were resistant to clindamycin.…”

Section: Resultssupporting

confidence: 60%

“…Thus, the NTCD strain must have a high antimicrobial resistance profile to colonize the gastrointestinal tracts of patients subjected to antimicrobials to avoid colonization by toxigenic strains that have high antimicrobial resistance profiles due to the wide use of antimicrobials in veterinary practice (BÅVERUD et al, 2003;SILVA et al, 2014d).…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Prevention of Clostridium difficile infection in hamsters using a non-toxigenic strain

et al. 2016

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Section: Resultssupporting

confidence: 60%

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Prevention of Clostridium difficile infection in hamsters using a non-toxigenic strain

et al. 2016

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“…Metronidazole is the first-choice agent for CDAD due to the low cost and the lower risk of selection of vancomycin-resistant enterococci (McCollum and Rodriguez, 2012;Stevens (Shah et al, 2017;Stevens et al, 2017) and meat (Atasoy and Gu¨cu¨ko glu, 2017) isolates are sensitive to metronidazole and vancomycin. In Brazil, studies showed C. difficile isolates from animal and humans were sensitive to metronidazole and vancomycin (Fraga et al, 2016;Silva et al, 2014). Some authors have reported an increase in metronidazole resistance rate from 6.3% to 12.0% in C. difficile isolates (Pela´ez et al, 2002(Pela´ez et al, , 2008, probably due to its indiscriminate use in the treatment of CDAD (Gardner et al, 2011).…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The review found that infections acquired from hospital environments (Balassiano et al, 2009;Dias et al, 2010;Secco et al, 2014) are more common than community acquired cases (Costa et al, 2014;Pires et al, 2014). Antimicrobial resistance of human and animal isolates has been reported in Brazil (Balassiano et al, 2009(Balassiano et al, , 2011Secco et al, 2014, Silva et al, 2014, however, research on isolates from food has not yet been appointed.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Detection and pathogenic potential of Clostridium difficile in commercial meat and meat products in Brazil

Tsuchiya

Gomes

Kuaye

et al. 2021

Food sci. technol. int.

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The aims of this study were to evaluate the occurrence of Clostridium difficile in commercial raw meat and meat products commercialized in Brazil, and to determine the pathogenic potential and antimicrobial susceptibility of the isolates. After selective enrichment, the isolation of C. difficile involved plating with and without an alcohol shock treatment onto C. difficile moxalactam agar (CDMNA). The toxigenic profile was determined through PCR for detection of tcdA, tcdB, cdtA and cdtB genes and an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay for toxin A/B. C. difficile was isolated from 8.9% (17 out of 192) of analyzed samples. Plating without alcohol treatment (sensitivity of 88.23%) was more efficient than with alcohol treatment (sensitivity of 29.41%) in C. difficile isolation. The profile A + B+CDT- was observed in 35.0% (28/80) of the isolates. The A/B toxin was tested in 44 isolates and 15.9% of them were positive. Resistance to clindamycin, ceftizoxime tetracycline, metronidazole, vancomycin, and ceftriaxone were observed among isolates. Multi-drug resistance was detected in 36.4% (8/22) of the isolates evaluated.

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“…More than that, patients who have subsequent relapses have a chance of developing a new recurrence of up to 60%, even when adequately treated with antibiotics (28) . The pathophysiological basis for this behavior is not restricted to the existence of antimicrobial resistance, but rather to the inability to reestablish a healthy intestinal microbiota that prevents the development of the new infection (29) .…”

Section: • Recurrent or Refractory C Difficile Infectionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Structuring a Fecal Microbiota Transplantation Center in a University Hospital in Brazil

Terra

Vilela

Silva

et al. 2020

Arq. Gastroenterol.

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BACKGROUND: Fecal microbiota transplantation (FMT) is an important therapeutic option for recurrent or refractory Clostridioides difficile infection, being a safe and effective method. Initial results suggest that FMT also plays an important role in other conditions whose pathogenesis involves alteration of the intestinal microbiota. However, its systematized use is not widespread, especially in Brazil. In the last decade, multiple reports and several cases emerged using different protocols for FMT, without standardization of methods and with variable response rates. In Brazil, few isolated cases of FMT have been reported without the implantation of a Fecal Microbiota Transplantation Center (FMTC). OBJECTIVE: The main objective of this study is to describe the process of implanting a FMTC with a stool bank, in a Brazilian university hospital for treatment of recurrent and refractory C. difficile infection. METHODS: The center was structured within the criteria required by international organizations such as the Food and Drug Administration, the European Fecal Microbiota Transplant Group and in line with national epidemiological and regulatory aspects. RESULTS: A whole platform involved in structuring a transplant center with stool bank was established. The criteria for donor selection, processing and storage of samples, handling of recipients before and after the procedure, routes of administration, short and long-term follow-up of transplant patients were determined. Donor selection was conducted in three stages: pre-screening, clinical evaluation and laboratory screening. Most of the candidates were excluded in the first (75.4%) and second stage (72.7%). The main clinical exclusion criteria were: recent acute diarrhea, overweight (body mass index ≥25 kg/m2) and chronic gastrointestinal disorders. Four of the 134 candidates were selected after full screening, with a donor detection rate of 3%. CONCLUSION: The implantation of a transplant center, unprecedented in our country, allows the access of patients with recurrent or refractory C. difficile infection to innovative, safe treatment, with a high success rate and little available in Brazil. Proper selection of qualified donors is vital in the process of implementing a FMTC. The rigorous clinical evaluation of donors allowed the rational use of resources. A transplant center enables treatment on demand, on a larger scale, less personalized, with more security and traceability. This protocol provides subsidies for conducting FMT in emerging countries.

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Antimicrobial susceptibility of Clostridium difficile isolated from animals and humans in Brazil

Cited by 8 publications

References 29 publications

Prevention of Clostridium difficile infection in hamsters using a non-toxigenic strain

Prevention of Clostridium difficile infection in hamsters using a non-toxigenic strain

Detection and pathogenic potential of Clostridium difficile in commercial meat and meat products in Brazil

Structuring a Fecal Microbiota Transplantation Center in a University Hospital in Brazil

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