Antimicrobial Susceptibility of<i>Arcanobacterium pyogenes</i>Isolated from Cattle and Pigs

Yoshimura, Haruo; Kojima, Akira; Ishimaru, M.

doi:10.1046/j.1439-0450.2000.00315.x

Cited by 43 publications

(38 citation statements)

References 16 publications

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“…A French study indicated that 67% of 103, predominantly bovine, A. pyogenes isolates were resistant to tetracycline, doxycycline, and minocycline (13), while a study in Japan found that 85.7% of porcine and 57.1% of bovine isolates were resistant to oxytetracycline and doxycycline (40). These results were confirmed by a recent study of predominantly North American isolates of A. pyogenes, which indicated that 42% were resistant to tetracycline, chlortetracycline, and oxytetracycline, with more than 70% of porcine isolates being resistant (34).…”

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confidence: 99%

Widespread Distribution of a Tet W Determinant among Tetracycline-Resistant Isolates of the Animal PathogenArcanobacterium pyogenes

Billington

Songer

Jost

2002

Antimicrob Agents Chemother

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Tetracycline resistance is common among isolates of the animal commensal and opportunistic pathogen Arcanobacterium pyogenes. The tetracycline resistance determinant cloned from two bovine isolates of A. pyogenes was highly similar at the DNA level (92% identity) to the tet(W) gene, encoding a ribosomal protection tetracycline resistance protein, from the rumen bacterium Butyrivibrio fibrisolvens. The tet(W) gene was found in all 20 tetracycline-resistant isolates tested, indicating that it is a widely distributed determinant of tetracycline resistance in this organism. In 25% of tetracycline-resistant isolates, the tet(W) gene was associated with a mob gene, encoding a functional mobilization protein, and an origin of transfer, suggesting that the determinant may be transferable to other bacteria. In fact, low-frequency transfer of tet(W) was detected from mob ؉ A. pyogenes isolates to a tetracycline-sensitive A. pyogenes recipient. The mobile nature of this determinant and the presence of A. pyogenes in the gastrointestinal tract of cattle and pigs suggest that A. pyogenes may have inherited this determinant within the gastrointestinal tracts of these animals.Resistance to tetracycline is the most common bacterial antibiotic resistance found in nature and similarly is the most prominent type of resistance among bacteria isolated from animals (10). Tetracycline binds to the 30S ribosomal subunit and inhibits protein synthesis (32), and resistance to this drug is most commonly mediated either by active efflux of tetracycline from the cell or by ribosomal protection from the action of tetracycline (10). In rare cases, tetracycline resistance is mediated through direct inactivation of the antibiotic (30) or by mutations in the 16S rRNA that prevent binding of tetracycline to the ribosome (26).Arcanobacterium pyogenes is a common inhabitant of the respiratory and urogenital tracts of domestic animals, including cattle and swine (8). It has also been isolated from the rumen of feedlot cattle (22) and more recently from the gastric mucosa of pigs (B. H. Jost, K. W. Post, J. G. Songer, and S. J. Billington, unpublished data), suggesting that A. pyogenes may also be a common inhabitant of the gastrointestinal tract of these species. Under conditions of physical trauma or previous microbial infection, A. pyogenes can disseminate to cause a variety of suppurative infections, such as liver abscesses and mastitis in cattle (15,18,21) and suppurative pneumonia and polyarthritis in pigs (14,35). Virulence, at least in an intraperitoneal mouse model, appears to be mediated through a poreforming toxin, pyolysin (6, 16). The development of antibiotic resistance in normal flora secondary pathogens, such as A. pyogenes, is of particular significance, not only because of the ability of resistant A. pyogenes to avoid antibiotic therapy, but also because of the potential for transfer of resistance to other pathogens.Resistance to the tetracycline antibiotics among A. pyogenes isolates is widespread. A French study indicated that 67%...

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confidence: 99%

Widespread Distribution of a Tet W Determinant among Tetracycline-Resistant Isolates of the Animal PathogenArcanobacterium pyogenes

Billington

Songer

Jost

2002

Antimicrob Agents Chemother

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“…It has been shown that in infected pig farms, 2 to 44% of female swine and pigs in the other sectors of production are culled and directed for slaughter each year (Yoshimura et al 2000, Pejsak et al 2006. The exact pathogenesis of the development of inflammatory lesions in the osteoarticular system is not fully understood.…”

Section: Disorders Of the Osteoarticular Systemmentioning

confidence: 99%

Trueperella pyogenes infections in swine: clinical course and pathology

Jarosz¹,

Grądzki²,

Kalinowski³

2014

Polish Journal of Veterinary Sciences

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Trueperella pyogenes is an opportunistic pathogen causing purulent infections in pigs and other animal species. T. pyogenes infections in pigs are local and/or generalized depending on the immune status of the animals, their individual susceptibility and environmental factors. The occurrence of these infections on pig farms causes substantial economic losses in breeding and rearing. In sows from the breeding herd, the disease leads to infertility, embryonic death, abortion, and disorders of the menstrual cycle and lactation. Mastitis is the major cause of losses in piglets. Disorders of the musculoskeletal system, including inflammatory polyarthritis, fractures and degenerative joint disease results in the culling of animals with high breeding value. In other technological groups, multi-organ inflammations and movement disorders dominate, leading to a reduction of the slaughter value and elimination of pigs from breeding. Understanding of the clinical and pathological aspects of T. pyogenes infections in pigs will enable the development of effective methods of combating this disease on pig farms.

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“…In the United States, tylosin is widely used as a feed additive to control liver abscessation in feedlot cattle (11). Resistance of the liver abscess pathogen, A. pyogenes, to macrolide antibiotics has been reported (4,25,28), but the mechanisms of resistance were not determined. This work is the first report of the identification and characterization of a determinant encoding tylosin resistance in A. pyogenes.…”

Section: Vol 47 2003 Erm(x) Encodes Tylosin Resistance In a Pyogenmentioning

confidence: 99%

Tylosin Resistance inArcanobacterium pyogenesIs Encoded by an Erm X Determinant

Jost

Field

Trinh

et al. 2003

Antimicrob Agents Chemother

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Arcanobacterium pyogenes, a commensal on the mucous membranes of many economically important animal species, is also a pathogen, causing abscesses of the skin, joints, and visceral organs as well as mastitis and abortion. In food animals, A. pyogenes is exposed to antimicrobial agents used for growth promotion, prophylaxis, and therapy, notably tylosin, a macrolide antibiotic used extensively for the prevention of liver abscessation in feedlot cattle in the United States. Of 48 A. pyogenes isolates, 11 (22.9%) exhibited inducible or constitutive resistance to tylosin (MIC of >128 g/ml). These isolates also exhibited resistance to other macrolide and lincosamide antibiotics, suggesting a macrolide-lincosamide resistance phenotype. Of the 11 resistant isolates, genomic DNA from nine hybridized to an erm(X)-specific probe. Cloning and nucleotide sequencing of the A. pyogenes erm(X) gene indicated that it was >95% similar to erm(X) genes from Corynebacterium and Propionibacterium spp. Eight of the erm(X)-containing A. pyogenes isolates exhibited inducible tylosin resistance, which was consistent with the presence of a putative leader peptide upstream of the erm(X) open reading frame. For at least one A. pyogenes isolate, 98-4277-2, erm(X) was present on a plasmid, pAP2, and was associated with the insertion sequence IS6100. pAP2 also carried genes encoding the repressor-regulated tetracycline efflux system determinant Tet 33. The repA gene from pAP2 was nonfunctional in Escherichia coli and at least one A. pyogenes isolate, suggesting that there may be host-encoded factors required for replication of this plasmid.The use of antimicrobial agents as feed additives for disease prophylaxis and growth promotion in the beef cattle industry is a common practice in the United States. One of the major targets is liver abscessation, which is second only to respiratory disease in terms of economic losses to cattle feedlots. Control of liver abscesses has primarily depended on the use of feed additives, such as the macrolide tylosin, chlortetracycline, and oxytetracycline (10, 26), with tylosin the most effective and commonly used feed additive (11). A study involving almost 7,000 feedlot cattle demonstrated that the use of tylosin as a feed additive reduced the incidence of liver abscessation by 73% and increased weight gain and feed conversion by 2.3 and 2.6%, respectively (G. J. Vogel and S. B. Laudert, abstract, J. Anim. Sci. 72[Supp. 1]:293, 1994). Correspondingly, tylosin use is extensive, with 42.3% of feedlot cattle receiving tylosin as a feed additive, primarily for the prevention of liver abscesses (26).Fusobacterium necrophorum is the primary etiological agent of bovine hepatic abscessation (18), but Arcanobacterium pyogenes is a synergistic pathogen, being found in 10 (9) to 90% (12) of abscesses. Interestingly, in cattle fed tylosin, the incidence of hepatic abscesses containing A. pyogenes increased from 10 to 53% (9).The resistance of A. pyogenes to tylosin has only recently been documented. In a survey of A. pyo...

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Antimicrobial Susceptibility ofArcanobacterium pyogenesIsolated from Cattle and Pigs

Cited by 43 publications

References 16 publications

Widespread Distribution of a Tet W Determinant among Tetracycline-Resistant Isolates of the Animal PathogenArcanobacterium pyogenes

Widespread Distribution of a Tet W Determinant among Tetracycline-Resistant Isolates of the Animal PathogenArcanobacterium pyogenes

Trueperella pyogenes infections in swine: clinical course and pathology

Tylosin Resistance inArcanobacterium pyogenesIs Encoded by an Erm X Determinant

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