Antimicrobial susceptibility of<i>Brachyspira</i>spp. isolated from commercial laying hens and free-living wild mallards (<i>Anas platyrhynchos</i>)

Jansson, Désirée S.; Pringle, Märit

doi:10.1080/03079457.2011.588197

Cited by 14 publications

(11 citation statements)

References 40 publications

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“…These results were not unexpected and are in accord with those obtained by Jansson et al for different Brachyspira spp. isolated from wild-living mallards [12], likely due to the limited environmental exposure to antimicrobials among intestinal spirochaetes originating from wild birds. However, these values could be used as a baseline for monitoring the antimicrobial susceptibility of avian “ B. hampsonii ” isolates.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Although information on the antimicrobial susceptibility of Brachyspira spp. of avian origin is scarce, decreased susceptibility to β-lactams has been described in B. pilosicoli isolates obtained from wild-living mallards [12]. This information points towards the necessity of testing the antimicrobial susceptibility of enteropathogenic Brachyspira spp.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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First Identification of “Brachyspira hampsonii” in Wild European Waterfowl

et al. 2013

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Anseriformes deserve special attention in the epidemiology of Brachyspira spp. because diverse Anseriformes species have been described to act as highly efficient carriers of several Brachyspira spp. that can also infect livestock. The aim of this study was to investigate the prevalence and diversity of Brachyspira spp. in waterfowl that winter in Spain. Brachyspira spp. were isolated from 51 of the 205 faecal samples collected from graylag geese and mallards in the Villafáfila Lagoons Nature Reserve (Northwestern Spain). The Brachyspira species identified through phenotyping, PCR and sequencing of the nox gene were B. pilosicoli (5.9%), B. alvinipulli (11.8%), "B. hampsonii" (19.6%), B. murdochii (23.5%) and B. innocens (39.2%). The most relevant finding of this study is the description of "B. hampsonii" in specimens from birds for the first time. Phylogenetic analysis of the nox gene sequences grouped all of the obtained "B. hampsonii" isolates into a cluster with Brachyspira strains previously identified by others as "B. hampsonii" and separated from other Brachyspira spp. isolates and reference strains. Additionally, this cluster was related to clades that grouped B. murdochii and B. innocens isolates. The identification of “B. hampsonii” was also achieved in 8 of the 10 isolates by sequencing the16S rRNA gene and tlyA gene. Regardless of the species identified, no antimicrobial resistance was observed in any of the enteropathogenic isolates recovered. This is the first description of “B. hampsonii” in European waterfowl, which might represent hosts that serve as natural reservoirs of this Brachyspira species. This finding indicates that this spirochete is not limited to North America, and its presence in wild birds in Europe poses a risk of transmission to livestock.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

First Identification of “Brachyspira hampsonii” in Wild European Waterfowl

et al. 2013

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“…Valnemulin has been used extensively to treat respiratory tract infection in swine, calf and poultry (Stipkovits et al ., ; Tzika et al ., ; Jansson & Pringle, ). Previous studies showed that valnemulin had great antibacterial activities against mycoplasma, spirochetes, gram‐positive bacteria, and some fastidious gram‐negative bacilli (Karlsson et al ., ; Ohya & Sueyoshi, ).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 97%

Population pharmacokinetics of valnemulin in swine

Zhao

Zhang

et al. 2013

Vet Pharm & Therapeutics

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This study was carried out in 121 pigs to develop a population pharmacokinetic (PPK) model by oral (p.o.) administration of valnemulin at a single dose of 10 mg/kg. Serum biochemistry parameters of each pig were determined prior to drug administration. Three to five blood samples were collected at random time points, but uniformly distributed in the absorption, distribution, and elimination phases of drug disposition. Plasma concentrations of valnemulin were determined by high-performance liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry (HPLC-MS/MS). The concentration-time data were fitted to PPK models using nonlinear mixed effect modeling (NONMEM) with G77 FORTRAN compiler. NONMEM runs were executed using Wings for NONMEM. Fixed effects of weight, age, sex as well as biochemistry parameters, which may influence the PK of valnemulin, were investigated. The drug concentration-time data were adequately described by a one-compartmental model with first-order absorption. A random effect model of valnemulin revealed a pattern of log-normal distribution, and it satisfactorily characterized the observed interindividual variability. The distribution of random residual errors, however, suggested an additive model for the initial phase (<12 h) followed by a combined model that consists of both proportional and additive features (≥ 12 h), so that the intra-individual variability could be sufficiently characterized. Covariate analysis indicated that body weight had a conspicuous effect on valnemulin clearance (CL/F). The featured population PK values of Ka , V/F and CL/F were 0.292/h, 63.0 L and 41.3 L/h, respectively.

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“…The MIC was recorded as the lowest concentration of ampicillin that inhibited growth. An MIC of 32 or more was used as being indicative of a lack of susceptibility (Jansson & Pringle, 2011).…”

Section: Antimicrobial-susceptibility Testingmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…This enzyme contributes to penicillin resistance in the spirochaete, and in particular confers resistance to oxacillin, benzylpenicillin and ampicillin by cleaving the b-lactam ring (MezianeCherif et al, 2008). Following the original description of the gene, three variants (bla , bla OXA-137 and bla ) have been described in other strains of B. pilosicoli isolated from humans, pigs and birds (MortimerJones et al, 2008;Jansson & Pringle, 2011). These enzymes are unique to B. pilosicoli and constitute the 'OXA-63 group', with the nearest neighbour being OXA-85 from Fusobacterium nucleatum subsp.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Genes encoding ten newly designated OXA-63 group class D β-lactamases identified in strains of the pathogenic intestinal spirochaete Brachyspira pilosicoli

Neo

Phillips

et al. 2015

Journal of Medical Microbiology

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The anaerobic spirochaete Brachyspira pilosicoli colonizes the large intestine of birds and mammals, including human beings, and may induce colitis and diarrhoea. B. pilosicoli has a recombinant population structure, and strains show extensive genomic rearrangements and different genome sizes. The resident chromosomal gene bla OXA-63 in B. pilosicoli encodes OXA-63, a narrow-spectrum group IV class D b-lactamase. Genes encoding four OXA-63 variants have been described in B. pilosicoli, and the current study was designed to investigate the distribution and diversity of such genes and proteins in strains of B. pilosicoli. PCRs were used to amplify bla OXA-63 group genes from 118 B. pilosicoli strains from different host species and geographical origins. One primer set was targeted externally to the gene and two sets were designed to amplify internal components. A total of 16 strains (13.6 %) showed no evidence of possessing bla OXA-63 group genes, 44 (37.3 %) had a full gene, 27 (22.9 %) apparently had a gene but it failed to amplify with external primers, and 29 (24.6 %) had only one or other of the two internal components amplified. Based on translation of the nucleotide sequences, ten new variants of the b-lactamase, designated OXA-470 through OXA-479, were identified amongst the 44 strains that had the full gene amplified. The 16 strains lacking bla OXA-63 group genes had a region of 1674 bp missing around where the gene was expected to reside. Despite apparent genomic rearrangements occurring in B. pilosicoli, positive selection pressures for conservation of bla OXA-63 group genes and OXA proteins appear to have been exerted.

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Antimicrobial susceptibility ofBrachyspiraspp. isolated from commercial laying hens and free-living wild mallards (Anas platyrhynchos)

Cited by 14 publications

References 40 publications

First Identification of “Brachyspira hampsonii” in Wild European Waterfowl

First Identification of “Brachyspira hampsonii” in Wild European Waterfowl

Population pharmacokinetics of valnemulin in swine

Genes encoding ten newly designated OXA-63 group class D β-lactamases identified in strains of the pathogenic intestinal spirochaete Brachyspira pilosicoli

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