Antimicrobial susceptibility patterns of Haemophilus parasuis from pigs in the United Kingdom and Spain

Fuente, A.J. Martín de la; Tucker, Alexander W.; Navas, Jesús; Blanco, Mónica; Morris, S.J.; Gutiérrez-Martín, César B.

doi:10.1016/j.vetmic.2006.10.014

Cited by 67 publications

(68 citation statements)

References 10 publications

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“…The same situation was found in Denmark, where H. parasuis isolates were fully susceptible to β-lactams (Aarestrup et al 2008). Using breakpoints for amoxicillin (Schwarz et al 2010), high level and very high level of resistance to ampicillin have been found in the United Kingdom (21.1 %) and Spain (66.7 %), respectively after reevaluation of published results by De la Fuente et al (2007). Similarly, higher resistance to enrofloxacin in H. parasuis isolates (UK 5.3%, Spain 36.7%) was re-evaluated using the proposed breakpoint for gram-negative microorganisms (CLSI 2011).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 56%

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Antimicrobial susceptibility of Pasteurella multocida and Haemophilus parasuis isolates associated with porcine pneumonia

Nedbalcová

Kučerová

2013

Acta Vet. Brno

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Pasteurella multocida and Haemophilus parasuis pig isolates obtained in the Czech Republic were tested for their susceptibility against selected antimicrobial agents by broth microdilution method between 2008 and 2011. A low degree of resistance was observed for ampicillin, amoxicillin/clavulanic acid, ceftiofur, tulathromycin, tilmicosin, florfenicol and enrofloxacin in 20 (6.0%), 15 (4.5 %), 2 (0.6%), 8 (2.4%), 13 (3.9%), 5 (1.5%) and 5 (1.5%) P. multocida isolates as well as for tiamulin, gentamicin, tulathromycin, tilmicosin and ampicillin in 2 (2.4%), 2 (2.4%), 3 (3.6%), 3 (3.6%) and 6 (7.2%) H. parasuis isolates. In addition, moderate level of resistance to tiamulin was found in 60 (18.1%) P. multocida isolates and high level of resistance for tetracycline was detected in 107 (32.2 %) P. multocida isolates and in 23 (27.7 %) H. parasuis isolates. Differences between resistance rates of P. multocida and H. parasuis were significant (P ≤ 0.5) only for tiamulin. These data confirmed that antimicrobial resistance is not very widespread among current porcine P. multocida and H. parasuis isolates in the Czech Republic. Antimicrobial resistance, minimal inhibition concentration, respiratory diseases, pigsPasteurella multocida and Haemophilus parasuis are the causative agents of infectious diseases of porcine respiratory tract which cause major economic losses by their negative impact on the weight gain, feed conversion, and health status (Oliveira and Pijoan 2004;Shin et al. 2005). Antibiotic treatment is one of the commonly used measures for the control of pasteurellosis and H. parasuis infections but the use of antimicrobial agents leads to both selection and increase of resistance (Schwarz and Chaslus-Dancla 2001). Failure to treat infectious disease caused by resistant bacteria leads to increased morbidity and mortality (Kolar et al. 2010). Variations in the antimicrobial use for the control of bacterial pathogens in pigs from one country to another can contribute to evident differences in antimicrobial susceptibility of P. multocida and H. parasuis. In accordance with the recommendation of Schwarz et al. (2010) on the requirement of application of the same methodology and interpretive criteria (which would allow for re-evaluation of the original data if the interpretive criteria change over time), only a limited number of recent studies were conducted regarding the susceptibility of P. multocida and H. parasuis to antimicrobials with the use of microdilution method.Considering the lack of recent studies of antimicrobial susceptibility testing of P. multocida and H. parasuis within the European territory, the aim of this work was to examine a panel of various isolates obtained from different Czech locations to determine their susceptibility to selected antimicrobial agents by the broth microdilution method, in accordance with the guidelines issued by the Clinical and Laboratory Standards Institute (CLSI) in 2008. Materials and Methods SamplingAll P. multocida and H. parasuis isolates were obtained fro...

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 56%

“…According to available data, florfenicol exhibited an excellent activity against H. parasuis isolates, regardless of their geographic origin (De la Fuente et al 2007;Aarestrup et al 2008). Therefore, florfenicol remains useful for the treatment of H. parasuis infections.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Antimicrobial susceptibility of Pasteurella multocida and Haemophilus parasuis isolates associated with porcine pneumonia

Nedbalcová

Kučerová

2013

Acta Vet. Brno

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“…Ongoing treatment may be administered to successive batches of susceptible pigs for several months after an outbreak to ensure the full recovery of the herd (5, 10, 11). Regular medication of farmed livestock is of concern, as antimicrobial resistance may be selected by the prolonged use of these drugs.Antimicrobial resistance in H. parasuis has been reported in China and Spain, where the majority of H. parasuis strains are resistant to enrofloxacin and trimethoprim (10,12,13). Control of stock movement in and out of the herd is currently the best method of prevention, as it reduces the risk of introducing new strains (5,14,15).…”

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confidence: 99%

“…Antimicrobial resistance in H. parasuis has been reported in China and Spain, where the majority of H. parasuis strains are resistant to enrofloxacin and trimethoprim (10,12,13). Control of stock movement in and out of the herd is currently the best method of prevention, as it reduces the risk of introducing new strains (5,14,15).…”

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confidence: 99%

Development of a Multiplex PCR Assay for Rapid Molecular Serotyping of Haemophilus parasuis

et al. 2015

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iHaemophilus parasuis causes Glässer's disease and pneumonia in pigs. Indirect hemagglutination (IHA) is typically used to serotype this bacterium, distinguishing 15 serovars with some nontypeable isolates. The capsule loci of the 15 reference strains have been annotated, and significant genetic variation was identified between serovars, with the exception of serovars 5 and 12. A capsule locus and in silico serovar were identified for all but two nontypeable isolates in our collection of >200 isolates. Here, we describe the development of a multiplex PCR, based on variation within the capsule loci of the 15 serovars of H. parasuis, for rapid molecular serotyping. The multiplex PCR (mPCR) distinguished between all previously described serovars except 5 and 12, which were detected by the same pair of primers. The detection limit of the mPCR was 4.29 ؋ 10 5 ng/l bacterial genomic DNA, and high specificity was indicated by the absence of reactivity against closely related commensal Pasteurellaceae and other bacterial pathogens of pigs. A subset of 150 isolates from a previously sequenced H. parasuis collection was used to validate the mPCR with 100% accuracy compared to the in silico results. In addition, the two in silico-nontypeable isolates were typeable using the mPCR. A further 84 isolates were analyzed by mPCR and compared to the IHA serotyping results with 90% concordance (excluding those that were nontypeable by IHA). The mPCR was faster, more sensitive, and more specific than IHA, enabling the differentiation of 14 of the 15 serovars of H. parasuis. Haemophilus parasuis is a Gram-negative bacterium commonly found in the upper respiratory tract of the pig, and it was identified in 1910 as the causative agent of a globally prevalent systemic disease of pigs known as Glässer's disease. The more severe presentations of this disease include arthritis, meningitis, polyserositis, septicemia, and pneumonia (1-5). Based on statistics from the United States, H. parasuis is the leading cause of mortality (alongside the porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome [PRRS] virus) in nursery herds, and it is the third most important bacterial pathogen affecting finisher herds (6). H. parasuis also contributes to a multifactorial porcine respiratory disease complex, the leading cause of mortality in grower-finisher pigs in the United States (7). Diagnostic submissions to veterinary investigation centers of the Animal and Plant Health Agency (APHA) in 2013 and 2014 recorded the highest annual rates of diagnosis of disease incidents due to H. parasuis in England and Wales since 2002 (8, 9). In the third quarter of 2013, the diagnostic rate reached nearly 8% of diagnosable submissions (8,9). This disease characteristically manifests postweaning and is associated with the loss of maternally derived antibodies and the endemic presence of the bacterium in herds (1, 5).Treatment and prevention of Glässer's disease are implemented via strategic delivery of penicillin-based antimicrobials in feed or water. Ongoing treatment may be...

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“…Glässer's disease depends on invasion of the bacteria into the systemic compartment and is characterized by fibrinous polyserositis, polyarthritis, and meningitis (3)(4)(5). It imposes a significant economic and welfare burden on the global pig industry, resulting in a high demand for the use of antimicrobials (1,(6)(7)(8). The vaccines available against this bacterium are whole-cell bacterins, which are protective only against strains of the same serovar (9)(10)(11).…”

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confidence: 99%

Gene Content and Diversity of the Loci Encoding Biosynthesis of Capsular Polysaccharides of the 15 Serovar Reference Strains of Haemophilus parasuis

Howell

Weinert

Luan

et al. 2013

Journal of Bacteriology

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gHaemophilus parasuis is the causative agent of Glässer's disease, a systemic disease of pigs, and is also associated with pneumonia. H. parasuis can be classified into 15 different serovars. Here we report, from the 15 serotyping reference strains, the DNA sequences of the loci containing genes for the biosynthesis of the group 1 capsular polysaccharides, which are potential virulence factors of this bacterium. We contend that these loci contain genes for polysaccharide capsule structures, and not a lipopolysaccharide O antigen, supported by the fact that they contain genes such as wza, wzb, and wzc, which are associated with the export of polysaccharide capsules in the current capsule classification system. A conserved region at the 3= end of the locus, containing the wza, ptp, wzs, and iscR genes, is consistent with the characteristic export region 1 of the model group 1 capsule locus. A potential serovar-specific region (region 2) has been found by comparing the predicted coding sequences (CDSs) in all 15 loci for synteny and homology. The region is unique to each reference strain with the exception of those in serovars 5 and 12, which are identical in terms of gene content. The identification and characterization of this locus among the 15 serovars is the first step in understanding the genetic, molecular, and structural bases of serovar specificity in this poorly studied but important pathogen and opens up the possibility of developing an improved molecular serotyping system, which would greatly assist diagnosis and control of Glässer's disease.

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Antimicrobial susceptibility patterns of Haemophilus parasuis from pigs in the United Kingdom and Spain

Cited by 67 publications

References 10 publications

Antimicrobial susceptibility of Pasteurella multocida and Haemophilus parasuis isolates associated with porcine pneumonia

Antimicrobial susceptibility of Pasteurella multocida and Haemophilus parasuis isolates associated with porcine pneumonia

Development of a Multiplex PCR Assay for Rapid Molecular Serotyping of Haemophilus parasuis

Gene Content and Diversity of the Loci Encoding Biosynthesis of Capsular Polysaccharides of the 15 Serovar Reference Strains of Haemophilus parasuis

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