Antimicrobials in treatment of periodontal disease -A review

Paddmanabhan, Preethe

doi:10.9790/0853-0451923

Cited by 3 publications

(5 citation statements)

References 16 publications

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“…Periodontal and endodontic therapies can be grouped into three broad categories as follows: mechanical debridement and cleaning to eliminate bacteria; treatment aimed at killing or affecting the metabolism of the infectious microorganism, such as use of antiseptics and antimicrobial agents; and treatment of the tissues/environment that are affected by the infectious microorganisms. [3] Along with mechanical debridement, the antimicrobial agents are commonly employed. [3] In endodontic therapy, apart from root canal debridement, root canal disinfectants such as root canal irrigants, intracanal medicaments (ICMs), sealers, and three-dimensional obturation are employed to control the disease process.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…[3] Along with mechanical debridement, the antimicrobial agents are commonly employed. [3] In endodontic therapy, apart from root canal debridement, root canal disinfectants such as root canal irrigants, intracanal medicaments (ICMs), sealers, and three-dimensional obturation are employed to control the disease process. [4] During periodontal therapy, along with mechanical cleaning, antimicrobial agents such as systemic drugs, local drug delivery, and mouth rinses are used for controlling infection.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…[4] During periodontal therapy, along with mechanical cleaning, antimicrobial agents such as systemic drugs, local drug delivery, and mouth rinses are used for controlling infection. [3] However, even after using the most contemporary treatment approaches, complete elimination of the bacteria from the tissues is not possible because of the complex anatomy of the tooth system and also, increase in the number of resistant strains to the available antimicrobial agents. [5] Microorganisms causing the endo–perio lesions are usually biofilm mediated and are resistant to most of the conventional antimicrobial agents, leading to persistent and refractory infections.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Cytotoxicity evaluation of fungal-derived silver nanoparticles on human gingival fibroblast cell line: An in vitro study

Halkai¹,

Mudda²,

Shivanna

et al. 2019

J Conserv Dent

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Background: Biosynthesized silver nanoparticles (AgNPs) have been proposed as effective antimicrobial agents against endo–perio pathogens. Determination of cytotoxicity is important for effective clinical use. Aim: The aim is to determine the cytotoxicity of fungal-derived AgNPs on human gingival fibroblast (HGF) cell line using 3-(4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2,5-diphenyltetrazolium bromide (MTT) assay. Materials and Methods: HGF cell cultures were trypsinized and adjusted to 5 × 10 3 cells/ml and 100-μl cell suspension (50,000 cells/well) and were added to 96-well plate. After 24 h, 100 μl of AgNPs (8–512-μg/ml concentrations) was added and incubated at 37°C for 24 h in 5% CO 2 atmosphere. Controls were used without AgNPs. MTT (1 mg/ml) was added and incubated for 4 h at 37°C in 5% CO 2 atmosphere. Microscopic examination was done, and absorbance was measured using a microplate reader at a wavelength of 540 nm. Percentage growth inhibition was calculated, and the concentration of AgNPs needed to inhibit cell growth by 50% (CTC 50 ) was generated. Results: CTC 50 was found at a concentration of 260 μg/ml. AgNPs exerted less cytotoxicity against HGF cell line and increased with increase in the concentration of AgNPs. Conclusion: Fungal-derived AgNPs are safe to healthy cells at a concentration <260 μg/ml. Therefore, they can be effectively used for the treatment of endo–perio lesions.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Cytotoxicity evaluation of fungal-derived silver nanoparticles on human gingival fibroblast cell line: An in vitro study

Halkai¹,

Mudda²,

Shivanna

et al. 2019

J Conserv Dent

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“…(1) Selain itu, aplikasi berulang PDT tidak menyebabkan kerusakan termal pada jaringan periodontal (2,20). PDT memiliki beberapa kelebihan antara lain: non invasif, waktu perawatan singkat, meminimalisir risiko bakteremia setelah debridemen periodontal, meminimalisir pemberian antibiotik sistemik dan risiko resistensi yang mungkin timbul (1,18). PDT dapat mengeliminasi patogen pada area yang sulit dijangkau.…”

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“…PDT dapat mengeliminasi patogen pada area yang sulit dijangkau. karena photosensitizer diletakkan di dalam poket periodontal dan dapat mengalir sehingga menjangkau seluruh permukaan akar (18,22). Selain itu, dosis cahaya yang dibutuhkan untuk membunuh sel bakteri yang telah melekat pada photosensitizer jauh lebih kecil dibandingkan dosis yang dapat menyebabkan toksisitas pada sel keratinosit dan fibroblast manusia sehingga tidak mengakibatkan kerusakan sel host (6).…”

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Peran photodynamic therapy dalam perawatan periodontal non-bedah

Louisa

Angelina

2023

JKGT

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Introduction: The main of non-surgical periodontal treatment is mechanical debridement. However, the treatment success rate is greatly influenced by ease of mechanical instrument access. Therefore, adjunctive antimicrobial therapy is indicated for complete removal of periodontal pathogen. Since long term systemic antimicrobial treatment can cause resistency, local antimicrobial treatment such as photodynamic therapy may serve as a better choice. Literature review: Photodynamic therapy (PDT) consists of 3 elements: photosensitizer, oxygen, and visible light. After photosensitizer binds with target cells, they are activated by visible light with suitable wavelength, thus producing singlet oxygen and Reactive Oxygen Species (ROS) to create toxic environment for anaerobic periodontal pathogen. PDT increases clinical attachment gain in both chronic and aggressive periodontitis treatment. It also decreases bleeding on probing and pocket depth. Discussion: The advantages of PDT are non invasive, short treatment time required, and reduced possibility of antimicrobial resistency. The disadvantages of PDT are tissue thermogenesis effect and temporary pigmentation of gingiva by photosensitizer. Several precautions should be made while using PDT such as adequate eye protection, irrigation, and isolation. Conclusion: Combination of mecahnical debridement and PDT is proven effective to increase clinical parameters and decrease bacterial burden in peridontitis treatment.

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Knowledge and Practices among Dental Practitioners Regarding the Use of Antimicrobials for Periodontal Diseases: An Online Survey in Saudi Arabia

Alakhali

Halboub

Kamil

et al. 2023

Pharmacoepidemiology

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This study aimed to investigate the knowledge and practices among dental practitioners in Saudi Arabia regarding the use of antimicrobials for periodontal diseases. An online questionnaire was sent to senior dental students and dental practitioners including interns, general dental practitioners (GDP), and periodontists in Saudi Arabia. Two hundred and twenty-three dental practitioners responded and participated in the study. The potential associations between the use of antimicrobials and different variables were assessed by a chi-square test. The majority of the participants (84.3%) reported prescribing systemic antimicrobials for a periodontal abscess or acute necrotizing periodontal disease. Surprisingly, 31% of participants reported prescribing systemic antimicrobials for deep localized periodontal pockets or for acute gingivitis associated with herpes simplex in children. Noteworthy is that 66% of the participants thought that mechanical periodontal treatment alone, without adjunctive antimicrobial therapy, is adequate to resolve the clinical condition in most cases of periodontal diseases. Almost half of the participants recommended the use of local antimicrobials for a periodontal pocket (45.3%), a recurrent periodontal pocket (45.4%), and refractory periodontitis (43.7%). The barriers against the use of local antimicrobials were a lack of knowledge and a lack of continuous education after graduation, as reported by 64% of the participants. In conclusion, knowledge and practices regarding antimicrobial use for periodontal diseases were inadequate, especially among practitioners other than periodontists.

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Antimicrobials in treatment of periodontal disease -A review

Cited by 3 publications

References 16 publications

Cytotoxicity evaluation of fungal-derived silver nanoparticles on human gingival fibroblast cell line: An in vitro study

Cytotoxicity evaluation of fungal-derived silver nanoparticles on human gingival fibroblast cell line: An in vitro study

Peran photodynamic therapy dalam perawatan periodontal non-bedah

Knowledge and Practices among Dental Practitioners Regarding the Use of Antimicrobials for Periodontal Diseases: An Online Survey in Saudi Arabia

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