Antimitotic Drugs For Microprotoplast-Mediated Chromosome Transfer In Plant Genomics, Cell Engineering And Breeding

Abstract

Achievements of the microprotoplast-mediated chromosome transfer (MMCT) technique are summarized. Overcoming technical barriers for large-scale gene transfer through fusion of isolated microprotoplasts, containing one or a few chromosomes, with recipient protoplasts are consi-(amiprophos-methyl and cremart), dinitroanilines (oryzalin) and propyzamideand disrupters of microtubule organizing centers (griseofulvin and phenylcarbamates) for the production of microprotoplasts is analysed. The combined disrupter, for increasing the yield of microprotoplasts is also discussed. Results of experiments using microprotoplasts obtained from plant microspores are presented. The paper also discusses the advantages of MMCT as an effective technique for parasexual crossing compared with traditional somatic hybridization and as an important technique for plant genomics and breeding .

An Effective Procedure for In Vitro Culture ofEleusine coracana(L.) and Its Application

“…Polygenic traits or traits with unknown biochemical or molecular mechanisms (e.g., resistance to certain diseases or stresses and other economically important traits) are still recalcitrant to transfer using methods of genetic engineering. Recently, an alternative asymmetric somatic hybridization method using microprotoplasts (microprotoplast fusion) has been developed [18]. Since microprotoplasts contain only one or a few intact chromosomes, a limited number of chromosomes can be transferred via microprotoplast fusion, resulting in the production of chromosome addition lines with even a single and specific intact chromosome between sexually incompatible species [18,38].…”

“…Recently, an alternative asymmetric somatic hybridization method using microprotoplasts (microprotoplast fusion) has been developed [18]. Since microprotoplasts contain only one or a few intact chromosomes, a limited number of chromosomes can be transferred via microprotoplast fusion, resulting in the production of chromosome addition lines with even a single and specific intact chromosome between sexually incompatible species [18,38]. In order to apply this technique for improvement of monocot plant species, we established an efficient system for mass-preparation of microprotoplasts of E. coracana.…”

“…The attempts also have been made to establish gene transfer system for finger millet [12][13][14][15][16][17]. Moreover, up till now there was no obvious information about isolation and regeneration of protoplasts from 2 ISRN Botany finger millet that can be used for different cell and genetic engineering manipulations, including effective methods of microprotoplast-mediated chromosome transfer (MMCT) in interspecific or intergeneric breeding [18].…”

Progress in plant protoplast research

“…Several techniques can be used for genome fragmentation, such as Uv irradiation (Hall et al 1992) or microprotoplasts (MPPs) (Yemets and Blume 2009). Genome fragmentation of the donor partner stimulates the elimination of much of its redundant genetic material in the somatic hybrid.…”

Conservation of dinitroani-line/phosphorothioamidate site of α-tubulin in Plasmodium species distributed in India

“…Later it was found that dinitroanilines (oryzalin, trifluralin, chloralin, pendimethalin) and phosphorothioamidates (aminprophos-methyl) destabilize MT and have overlapping sites in plant tubulin. It was proved that dinitroanilines and phosphorothioamidates bind plant α-tubulin with high affinity, inhibit tubulin assembly and disrupt MTs [18,19]. Affected cells do not form a cell plate and may contain restitution and polyploidy nuclei [16].…”