Antimuscarinic-induced convulsions in fasted animals after food intake: evaluation of the effects of levetiracetam, topiramate and different doses of atropine

Büget, Bahar; Türkmen, Aslı Zengin; Allahverdiyev, Oruç; Enginar, Nurhan

doi:10.1007/s00210-015-1175-5

Cited by 10 publications

(7 citation statements)

References 37 publications

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“…The current study had some limitations: it did not focus on the evaluation of the neuroprotective molecular mechanisms via the antioxidant signaling and receptor binding inhibition mechanisms, did not emphasize the gender-related differences associated with the abnormal phenotypes and effect of the herb on the phenotypes of the mutant flies, and only focused on the effect of the herb on a genetic form of epilepsy while leaving out acquired/induced convulsions like the antimuscarinic and pentylenetetrazole kindling models that are often studied 137 , 162 ; a prospective study will be conducted to assess the practical attributes of antioxidant and receptor inhibition pathways related to the neuroprotective effects of I. cylindrica root extract using bss Drosophila , other genetic models and kindling models of convulsions.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Attenuation of Seizures, Cognitive Deficits, and Brain Histopathology by Phytochemicals of Imperata cylindrica (L.) P. Beauv (Poaceae) in Acute and Chronic Mutant Drosophila melanogaster Epilepsy Models

Ssempijja

Dare

Bukenya

et al. 2023

J Evid Based Complementary Altern Med

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Imperata cylindrica is a globally distributed plant known for its antiepileptic attributes, but there is a scarcity of robust evidence for its efficacy. The study investigated neuroprotective attributes of Imperata cylindrica root extract on neuropathological features of epilepsy in a Drosophila melanogaster mutant model of epilepsy. It was conducted on 10-day-old (at the initiation of study) male post-eclosion bang-senseless paralytic Drosophila ( parabss1) involved acute (1-3 h) and chronic (6-18 days) experiments; n = 50 flies per group (convulsions tests); n = 100 flies per group (learning/memory tests and histological examination). Administrations were done in 1 g standard fly food, per os. The mutant flies of study ( parabss1) showed marked age-dependent progressive brain neurodegeneration and axonal degeneration, significant (P < 0.05) bang sensitivity and convulsions, and cognitive deficits due to up-regulation of the paralytic gene in our mutants. The neuropathological findings were significantly (P < 0.05) alleviated in dose and duration-dependent fashions to near normal/normal after acute and chronic treatment with extract similar to sodium valproate. Therefore, para is expressed in neurons of brain tissues in our mutant flies to bring about epilepsy phenotypes and behaviors of the current juvenile and old-adult mutant D. melanogaster models of epilepsy. The herb exerts neuroprotection by anticonvulsant and antiepileptogenic mechanisms in mutant D. melanogaster due to plant flavonoids, polyphenols, and chromones (1 and 2) which exert antioxidative and receptor or voltage-gated sodium ion channels’ inhibitory properties, and thus causing reduced inflammation and apoptosis, increased tissue repair, and improved cell biology in the brain of mutant flies. The methanol root extract provides anticonvulsant and antiepileptogenic medicinal values which protect epileptic D. melanogaster. Therefore, the herb should be advanced for more experimental and clinical studies to confirm its efficacy in treating epilepsy.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Attenuation of Seizures, Cognitive Deficits, and Brain Histopathology by Phytochemicals of Imperata cylindrica (L.) P. Beauv (Poaceae) in Acute and Chronic Mutant Drosophila melanogaster Epilepsy Models

Ssempijja

Dare

Bukenya

et al. 2023

J Evid Based Complementary Altern Med

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“…Food deprivation for two days alters the [ 3 H]glutamate binding kinetics in the brain, which was antagonized by antimuscarinic treatment and food intake (Enginar et al, 2003). The other studies with antimuscarinic-induced convulsions showed that, many conventional and new antiepileptic drugs are ineffective in suppressing these convulsions (Enginar et al, 2005;Buget et al, 2016), whereas haloperidol, chlorpromazine, clonidine, tizanidine, and MK-801 were found to be effective (Enginar et al, 1997;.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effects of scopolamine treatment and consequent convulsion development in c‑fos expression in fed, fasted, and refed mice

Türkmen

Nurten

Ergüven

et al. 2022

Acta Neurobiol. Exp.

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Fasting, anticholinergics, and seizures affect c-fos activation in the brain. Additionally, antimuscarinic treated fasted animals develop convulsion soon after re-feeding. Therefore, we assessed whether c-fos expression changes in fed, fasting, and refed animals and how scopolamine treatment affects these changes. We further assessed whether there is a change in c-fos expression after convulsions. For this purpose, BALB/c mice fasted for 1, 3, 6, 12, 24 and 48 h periods were used. The animals were treated with saline or scopolamine. Half of the animals treated with saline or scopolamine were given food 20 min after injection. All animals were observed for development of convulsions for 30 min. At the end of this period, the brains of all animals were removed, and the percentage of c-fos active cells in the hypothalamus was determined immunohistochemically. Convulsions occurred within 1-48 h of fasting, after scopolamine treatment and re-feeding. Compared to fed animals, c-fos expression was not significantly changed in those undergoing different fasting periods, but significantly decreased after 12 h fasting. After animals were allowed to eat, c-fos activation significantly increased in the 1, 3, 6 and 12 refed-saline groups and decreased in the 48 refed-saline group. Scopolamine treatment in 1-24 h fasted animals increased c-fos expression, but decreased in 48 h fasted animals. Whereas convulsion development in scopolamine-treated 3, 6, 12 and 24 h refed animals suppressed c-fos expression. These results demonstrate that re-feeding and scopolamine treatment induces neuronal activity in the hypothalamus, while scopolamine induced convulsions after food intake suppressed the c-fos activity.

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“…Chlorpromazine, haloperidol, noncompetitive N-methyl-D-aspartate (MK-801), clonidine and tizanidine provide effective treatments. However, most of the major and new antiepileptic drugs in clinical use are ineffective in suppressing the seizures (1,4). Interestingly, the trigger factors and manifestations of the seizures evoked by eating in patients and fasted animals bear some similarities (5).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Scopolamine-Induced Convulsions in Fasted Rats After Food Intake: The Effect of Duration of Food Deprivation

Türkmen¹,

Nurten²,

Enginar³

2019

J Istanb Fac Med

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Objective: Mice and rats fasted for 2 days and then treated with antimuscarinic drugs, scopolamine or atropine, develop convulsions soon after food intake. It has been demonstrated that deprivation of food for less than 48 h also causes convulsions in mice. Since there are differences in characteristics of the seizures between mice and rats, the present study evaluated whether rats also develop convulsions after being deprived of food for 3-24 h. Material and Method: Rats were deprived of food for 3, 6, 18, 24 and 52 h. At the time of testing, the animals were treated i.p. with saline or 3 mg/kg scopolamine and given food 20 min later. All animals were observed for 30 min, checking for the incidence and onset of convulsions. Results: The fasted animals treated with scopolamine developed convulsions after food intake. The incidence of convulsions was statistically significant in the 6, 18, 24 and 52 h deprived animals. However, neither the incidence nor the latency to seizures showed differences with respect to duration of food deprivation or fasting-induced weight loss. Conclusion: The present results demonstrate that the scopolamine treated rats that fasted for 24 h or less developed seizures after refeeding intake, indicating that food deprivation in itself, rather than its duration, seems to be the principal factor in the development of these convulsions.

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Antimuscarinic-induced convulsions in fasted animals after food intake: evaluation of the effects of levetiracetam, topiramate and different doses of atropine

Cited by 10 publications

References 37 publications

Attenuation of Seizures, Cognitive Deficits, and Brain Histopathology by Phytochemicals of Imperata cylindrica (L.) P. Beauv (Poaceae) in Acute and Chronic Mutant Drosophila melanogaster Epilepsy Models

Attenuation of Seizures, Cognitive Deficits, and Brain Histopathology by Phytochemicals of Imperata cylindrica (L.) P. Beauv (Poaceae) in Acute and Chronic Mutant Drosophila melanogaster Epilepsy Models

Effects of scopolamine treatment and consequent convulsion development in c‑fos expression in fed, fasted, and refed mice

Scopolamine-Induced Convulsions in Fasted Rats After Food Intake: The Effect of Duration of Food Deprivation

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