Antimutagenic Potential and Modulation of Carcinogen‐Metabolizing Enzymes by Ginger Essential Oil

Abstract

Essential oil extracted from ginger (GEO) was evaluated for its mutagenicity to Salmonella typhimurium TA 98, TA 100, TA 102, and TA 1535 strains with and without microsomal activation. GEO was found to be non-mutagenic up to a concentration of 3 mg/plate. It was also assessed for antimutagenic potential against direct acting mutagens such as sodium azide, 4-nitro-o-phenylenediamine, N-methyl-N'-nitro-N-nitrosoguanidine, tobacco extract, and 2-acetamidoflourene, which needs microsomal activation. GEO significantly inhibited (p < 0.001) the mutagenicity induced by these agents in a concentration-dependent manner. The effect of GEO to modulate the action of phase I carcinogen-metabolizing enzymes was investigated by studying its effect on various isoforms of microsomal cytochrome P450 enzymes. Significant inhibition of CYP1A1, CYP1A2, and CYP2B1/2, aniline hydroxylase (an indicator of CYP2E1 activity), and aminopyrine-N-demethylase (indicator of CYP1A, 2A, 2B, 2D, and 3A activity) was shown by GEO both in vitro and in vivo. GEO gave an IC50 value of 30, 57.5, and 40 µg for CYP1A1, CYP1A2, and CYP2B1/2, respectively, 55 µg for aniline hydroxylase, and 37.5 µg for aminopyrene-N-demethylase. GEO also significantly increased the levels of phase II carcinogen-metabolizing enzymes uridine 5'-diphospho-glucuronyl transferase and glutathione-S-transferase in vivo indicating the use of GEO as an antimutagen and as a potential chemopreventive agent.

A status review on the medicinal properties of essential oils

“…Significant antimutagenic activities have been observed for certain EOs and their components (De Flora et al, 1999;Dahanukar et al, 2000;Jeena et al, 2013;Varona et al, 2013). Matricaria chamomilla oil is shown to inhibit daunorubicine and methyl methane sulfonate induced mutagenic errors in mouse bone marrow cells (Hernandez-Ceruelos et al, 2002).…”

Protection against Whole Body γ-Irradiation Induced Oxidative Stress and Clastogenic Damage in Mice by Ginger Essential Oil

“…Previous work conducted in our laboratory has shown the antimutagenic, antiulcer and anticarcinogenic properties of ginger essential oil (Jeena et al, 2014). The present study was conducted to evaluate the radioprotective and anticlastogenic potential of ginger essential oil.…”

Antimutagenicity Screening of Extracts from Medicinal and Edible Plants against N-Methyl-N-nitrosourea by the Ames Assay

“…While ginger essential oil was assayed for antimutagenic potential against direct acting mutagens such as MNNG and sodium azide, etc (56). In addition, components of Zingiber o‹cinale include zingiberene, 6-, 8-and 10-gingerol, 6-, 8-and 10-shogaol and 6-paradol, etc (57,58).…”