Antimycobacterial activity evaluation and MIC determination of liophilizated hydroalcoholic extracts of Bixa orellana L., Bixaceae

Abstract

RESUMO: "Avaliação da atividade antimicobacteriana e a determinação da CIM de extratos hidroalcoólicos liofilizados de Bixa orellana L., Bixaceae." Bixa orellana é usada na medicina popular em várias doenças. Extratos do fruto, raiz e folhas apresentaram atividade antimicrobiana, enquanto extratos do caule mostraram resultados negativos. Este estudo teve por objetivo verificar a atividade antimicobacteriana de extratos hidroalcoólicos liofilizados de B. orellana frente Mycobacterium tuberculosis e determinar a Concentração Inibitória Mínima para cinco bactérias. A atividade antimicobacteriana foi determinada por difusão e a CIM por difusão e análise colorimétrica. As CIM foram 0,3, 0,5 e 0,2 mg/mL para os extratos de folhas, raiz e caule frente M. tuberculosis. Os extratos de caule demonstraram CIM de 1,12 mg/mL (B. cereus), 1,53 mg/mL (S. aureus e S. typhimurium), 4,50 mg/mL (P. aeruginosa) e 8,01 mg/mL (P. mirabillis); extratos de folhas mostraram 0,66 mg/mL (P. aeruginosa), 0,94 mg/mL (P. mirabillis), 1,88 mg/mL (S. aureus), 3,95 mg/mL (B. cereus) e 8,37 mg/mL (S. typhimurium); extratos de raiz demonstraram 0,25 mg/mL (P. aeruginosa), 0,31 mg/mL (S. aureus), 0,62 mg/mL (S. typhimurium) e 3,00 mg/ mL (B. cereus e P. mirabillis). Extratos de folhas e caule mostraram atividade antimicobacteriana. As CIM por colorimetria foram menores que na difusão em agar. Os extratos revelaram atividade bacteriostática sobre as cinco espécies bacterianas. Unitermos: Mycobacterium tuberculosis, Bixa orellana, Bixaceae.ABSTRACT: Bixa orellana is used in popular medicine against several diseases. Extracts of its fruit, root and leaf presented antimicrobial activity, while seed extract showed negative results. This study aimed at verifying the antimycobacterial activity of B. orellana lyophilized hydroalcoholic extracts over Mycobacterium tuberculosis, and determine the Minimum Inhibitory Concentration against five bacteria. Antimycobacterial activity was determined by diffusion technique, while MIC was assessed by diffusion and colorimetric analysis. MICs were 0.3, 0.5 and 0.2 mg/mL respectively, for leaf, root and stem extracts, against M. tuberculosis. Stem's extract showed 1.2 mg/mL for B. cereus, 1.53 mg/mL for S. aureus and S. typhimurium, 4.50 mg/mL for P. aeruginosa and 8.01 mg/mL for P. mirabillis. Leaf extracts showed 0.66 mg/mL for P. aeruginosa, 0.94 mg/ mL for P. mirabillis, 1.88 mg/mL for S. aureus, 3.95 mg/mL for B. cereus and 8.37 mg/mL for S. typhimurium. Root's extracts showed 0.25 mg/mL for P. aeruginosa, 0.31 mg/mL for S. aureus, 0.62 mg/mL for S. typhimurium and 3.00 mg/mL for B. cereus and P. mirabillis. Leaf and stem extracts showed antimycobacterial activity. MICs were lower in colorimetric analysis than in agar diffusion. Extracts revealed bacteriostatic activity against the five bacterial.

Hydroalcoholic Extract and Ethyl Acetate Fraction of Bixa orellana Leaves Decrease the Inflammatory Response to Mycobacterium abscessus Subsp. massiliense

“…Although B. orellana is widely used to treat respiratory infections, this is the first report of its kind. The study results are consistent with a previous study reporting MIC values of 0.3, 0.5, and 0.2 mg/mL for B. orellana leaf, seed, and root extracts against M. tuberculosis [ 31 ]. Only few studies have described the antimycobacterial activity of plant-derived products against M. abscessus, for example, the effects of chloroform and ethanolic extracts from seeds of Persea americana (where the activity of the extracts was associated with lignans) [ 32 ], Valencia orange terpeneless oil [ 33 ], and Pelargonium reniforme and P. sidoides root extracts (containing linear chain fatty acids such as palmitic, oleic, and linoleic) [ 34 ].…”

In vitro antibacterial activity of two plant extracts against Enterococcus faecalis

“…Giridhar and Venugopalan (2012) have observed antibacterial activity of annatto leaves only, corroborating the data reported by Coelho et al (2003) and Fleischer et al (2003). Silva et al (2010), after testing the inhibitory activity against bacteria of B. orellana L. hydroethanolic extracts obtained from the fruit, stem, root and leaves of the plant, found that the products from the leaves and stems exhibited bacteriostatic activity against several bacteria. However, Majolo et al (2013) and Mital et al (2013) used seeds from multiple accessions and concluded that the hydroethanolic preparation exhibited the best inhibitory activity, with Gram-positive bacteria being the most sensitive, resulting in a moderate zone of inhibition.…”

In vitro evaluation of Bixa orellana L. (Annatto) seeds as potential natural food preservative

“…Regarding the determinations of antimicrobial activity, variations may exist due to the half-life of the active compounds (photosensitive, thermo-labile, etc. ), the use of different strains of microorganism (phenotype) and the quantification method used (Silva et al, 2010).…”