Antinociceptive Action of Moringa peregrina is Mediated by Interaction with α2-Adrenergic Receptor

Abstract

Background: Moringa peregrina (M. peregrina) is an edible, drought-resistant tree that is native to semi-arid countries. It is used as a painkiller in folk medicine. Aims: To study the antinociceptive effects of the leaf extract of M. peregrina in mice. Study Design: Animal experimentation. Methods: We employed thermal (hot plate and tail-immersion tests) and chemical (writhing and formalin tests) pain models in male BALB/c mice (eight animals per group) to investigate the mechanisms involved in the antinociceptive actions of M. peregrina. Additionally, we identified the chemical constituents present in the extract of M. peregrina by using liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry analysis, and predicted the possible active constituents that interact with the receptor based on molecular docking simulations. Results: In the writhing test, 200 mg/kg of M. peregrina extract restricted abdominal cramps by up to 55.97% (p<0.001). Further, it reduced the time of paw-licking in the early and late phases of formalin test by up to 56.8% and 65.5%, respectively, as compared to the percentage inhibitions of 50.5% and 48.4% produced by 30 mg/kg diclofenac sodium in the early and late phases, respectively (p<0.05). This effect was abrogated by yohimbine (1 mg/kg, intraperitoneally), but not by methysergide (5 mg/kg, intraperitoneally), in the late phase only, which indicates that the action of M. peregrina in formalin test is not mediated by 5-HT2 serotonin receptors, but rather via α 2adrenergic receptors. In the hot plate test, but not on tail-immersion test, the high dose (400 mg/kg) of the extract increased the latency time after 30 minutes of its administration. Yohimbine antagonized the action of M. peregrina in the hot plate test. Based on LC-MS analysis, the major constituents found in M. peregrina methanolic extract were chrysoeriol 7-O-diglucoside, lupeol acetate, quercetin, and rutin. Depending on the molecular docking results, the activity of M. peregrina extract could be due to the binding of chrysoeriol 7-O-diglucoside, quercetin, and rutin to the α 2-adrenergic receptor. Conclusion: Interaction with the α 2-adrenergic receptor serves as a possible mechanism of the M. peregrina analgesic effect.

The Antinociceptive Effect of Adalimumab, a TNF-Alpha Inhibitor, in a Mice Model of Inflammatory Pain

“…Although the investigation of the underlying mechanism of the antinociceptive effect of adalimumab is the subject of future studies, our study is important as it is the first report showing the antinociceptive effect of adalimumab. Diclofenac sodium showed antinociceptive activity in both the early and late phases, and the findings were consistent with the literature [27], [28]. The hot plate test is used to evaluate centrally mediated anti-nociceptive and analgesic effects after pain induced by an appropriate method.…”

Investigation of the nephroprotective activity of Moringa peregrina leaves aqueous extract in mice

“…( Gollen et al 2018), Chlorogenic acid (Dkhil et al 2020), ISO-Orientin (Ali et al 2018), andRutin (Radwan et al 2017). Compared to a previous similar study conducted by Jaffal et al 2020, different phenols and flavonoids derivatives were detected, as the solvent used for extraction was methanol. These findings are important, as alcoholic preparation in the Arabic and Islamic traditional medical system is not in use, for religious believes.…”

Pharmacological Activities of Lonicerae japonicae flos and Its Derivative—“Chrysoeriol” in Skin Diseases

“…Chrysoeriol is established to have a variety of pharmacological functions, including antioxidant [48], anti-inflammatory [71], anticancer [72], antidiabetic [73], antiarthritis [74], antimicrobial [75], antithrombotic [76], antihyperlipidemic [77], and antinociceptive [78] (Table 4), as well as interferes in certain disease-related progression pathways [71]. Human aortic smooth muscle cells; 5 and 10 µM.…”