Antiosteoporotic Effects of Lactobacillus-Fermented Soy Skim Milk on Bone Mineral Density and the Microstructure of Femoral Bone in Ovariectomized Mice

Abstract

Osteoporosis is a major skeletal disease associated with loss of estrogen in postmenopausal women. In this study, Lactobacillus paracasei subsp. paracasei NTU 101 (NTU 101F) and Lactobacillus plantarum NTU 102 (NTU 102F) were used as starters to ferment soy skim milk. This was then used as a nutritional supplement for 8 weeks to ovariectomized (OVX) mice. This study reveals that soy skim milk fermented with lactobacilli can increase the contents of aglycone isoflavones, soluble calcium, and vitamin D(3). The trabecular bone volumes and trabecular number of the distal femur in mice fed NTU 101F increased by a factor of 1.48 and 1.74 compared with the OVX group. The bone network density and thickness of the distal metaphyseal trabecular in mice fed NTU 101F and Fosamax was significantly greater than that of OVX mice. These results suggest that fermented soy skim milk can attenuate bone loss in OVX mice and lower the risk of osteoporosis.

Sex steroid deficiency–associated bone loss is microbiota dependent and prevented by probiotics

“…Probiotics have been shown to alter the composition or the metabolic activity of the gut microbiota (95), regulating the immune response of the host (96,97) and enhancing epithelial barrier function (98,99). Others have reported on the phenomenology that probiotics prevented trabecular bone loss as effectively as the bisphosphonate alendronate (13) and that lactobacilli can prevent the loss of cortical but not trabecular bone and reverses the decrease in Tregs induced by ovx (14). In addition, Lactobacillus reuteri prevented the loss of trabecular bone induced 0.1 ml of suspension and by spreading 2 ml aliquots of suspension on the fur of 4-week-old GF recipients as described (100).…”

“…Indeed, GF mice have increased bone mass, fewer CD4 + T cells and osteoclast precursors in the BM, and lower levels of osteoclastogenic cytokines (10). In addition, antibiotic administration increases bone density in young mice (11,12), while select probiotics blunt the bone loss that normally ensues following ovariectomy (ovx) (13)(14)(15). However, the molecular mechanisms that mediate and function in probiotic-induced host responses have not yet been fully characterized.…”

Antioxidant and antihypertensive properties of liquid and solid state fermented lentils

“…Additionally, bioconversion of conjugate forms of phenolic compounds to their free forms during fermentation improves their health-link functionality. For instance, microbial biotransformation of isoflavones to aglycones and equol improved the antiosteoporotic and anti-inflammatory effect of fermented soymilk (Chiang & Pan, 2011;Di Cagno et al, 2010). Moreover, lactic acid bacteria have been employed to produce ACE-inhibitory peptides and c-aminobutyric acid (GABA) in foods, both useful in the prevention and treatment of hypertension (Kono & Himeno, 2000;Matheson, Freed, & Tunnicliff, 1986;Ricci, Artacho, & Olalla, 2010).…”

Safety and mutagenicity evaluation of Vigiis 101 powder made from Lactobacillus paracasei subsp. paracasei NTU 101

“…This type of milk is also useful for prevention of acute gastric ulcers induced by pylorus ligation and acidified ethanol (via prostaglandin E 2 ), and it significantly enhances superoxide dismutase (SOD) activity (Liu et al, 2009). Moreover, NTU 101F milk can attenuate bone loss in ovariectomized (OVX) mice (Chiang and Pan, 2011) and aginginduced bone loss in BALB/c mice and can lower the risk of osteoporosis (Chiang et al, 2012b). In addition, NTU 101F milk can upregulate and downregulate lipolysis and heparin-releasable lipoprotein lipase, respectively, in 3T3-L1 cells and can reduce obesity in Wistar rats fed a high-fat diet (Lee et al, 2013).…”