Antioxidant Activities of Natural Polysaccharides and Their Derivatives for Biomedical and Medicinal Applications

Abstract

Many chronic diseases such as Alzheimer’s disease, diabetes, and cardiovascular diseases are closely related to in vivo oxidative stress caused by excessive reactive oxygen species (ROS). Natural polysaccharides, as a kind of biomacromolecule with good biocompatibility, have been widely used in biomedical and medicinal applications due to their superior antioxidant properties. In this review, scientometric analysis of the highly cited papers in the Web of Science (WOS) database finds that antioxidant activity is the most widely studied and popular among pharmacological effects of natural polysaccharides. The antioxidant mechanisms of natural polysaccharides mainly contain the regulation of signal transduction pathways, the activation of enzymes, and the scavenging of free radicals. We continuously discuss the antioxidant activities of natural polysaccharides and their derivatives. At the same time, we summarize their applications in the field of pharmaceutics/drug delivery, tissue engineering, and antimicrobial food additives/packaging materials. Overall, this review provides up-to-date information for the further development and application of natural polysaccharides with antioxidant activities.

The Effect of Neem (Azadirachta indica) Gum Administration to Malondialdehyde Level of Wistar Rats’ Kidney Induced by Diazinon

“…Kemampuan nefroprotektif gum mimba berasal dari kandungan polisakarida di dalamnya yakni meliputi glukosa, arabinosa, fukosa, manosa, xilosa, dan asam uronat. Masing-masing polisakarida tersebut berdasarkan beberapa penelitian terbaru berpotensi sebagai antioksidan (Bai et al, 2022;Mohanta et al, 2022). Mekanisme aktivitas antioksidan tersebut dilakukan dengan cara memberikan atom H + kepada radikal bebas DPPH dan radikal hidroksil (Malviya et al, 2017).…”

Research progress on ginger polysaccharides: extraction, purification and structure–bioactivity relationship

“…GPs can exert their antioxidant effects in various ways by complexing with metallic ions (Fe 2+ and Cu 2+ ) that are essential for the generation of ROS, 57 or by providing hydrogen protons for the elimination of DPPH radicals and formation of stabilised DPPH moieties. 58 The antioxidant mechanisms of GPs can be broadly summarised as either direct or indirect scavenging, as illustrated in Fig.…”

“…Extensive research has been conducted on the bioactivities of natural polysaccharides, including their hypoglycaemic, antiinflammatory, antitumour and antioxidant properties. [56][57][58][59] Among them, GPs have received widespread attention owing to their multiple biological activities, such as antitumour, antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, antitussive and immunomodulatory activities. The structure of polysaccharides is closely related to their bioactive properties.…”

“…G2 exhibited strong free radical clearing in all five assay systems, which was attributed to its higher total sugar and aldehyde contents and lower molecular weight, thus rendering G2 as a potential supplement for food and pharmaceuticals. 21 GPs can exert their antioxidant effects in various ways by complexing with metallic ions (Fe 2+ and Cu 2+ ) that are essential for the generation of ROS, 57 or by providing hydrogen protons for the elimination of DPPH radicals and formation of stabilised DPPH moieties. 58 The antioxidant mechanisms of GPs can be broadly summarised as either direct or indirect scavenging, as illustrated in Fig.…”

Unveiling the Structural Characteristics and Bioactivities of the Polysaccharides Extracted from Endophytic Penicillium sp.

“…Although, the direct effect of antioxidant supplementation on PC remains inconclusive [5], natural antioxidants are used to minimize the side effects and improve prognosis during cancer therapy [6]. For instance, several bioactive and biocompatible small molecules and macromolecules derived from natural sources are reported to exhibit antioxidant and anticancer properties [6,7]. In this regard, polysaccharides have been proven to be potent anticancer agents due to their immunomodulatory and antioxidant behavior and thus are of great importance [7,8].…”