Antioxidant Activities of Okra Protein Concentrate and Isolate after Enzymatic Hydrolysis

Abstract

Three different proteolytic enzymes (pepsin, trypsin and papain) were used to prepare okra seed protein concentrate and okra seed protein isolate hydrolysates. The hydrolysates were assayed for antioxidant properties using radical scavenging, reducing power and metal chelating assays. The highest degree of hydrolysis (after 360 min) for okra protein isolates was 35.20%, 35.21% and 10.53% for pepsin, papain and trypsin respectively. The highest degree of hydrolysis (after 360 min) for okra protein concentrates was 26.8%, 28.59% and 6.47% for pepsin, papain and trypsin respectively. Pepsin hydrolysates showed higher metal chelating activity and radical scavenging activity than trypsin and papain hydrolysates. Trypsin hydrolysates showed the lowest antioxidant activities, which may be due to the low degree of hydrolysis. In general, for antioxidant activity, there was an increase in activity with an increase in the degree of hydrolysis. Similar antioxidant activity was found in both the okra protein isolate and concentrate hydrolysates except for metal chelating activity which was higher in okra protein isolate hydrolysates. This may be due to the higher ash concentration in the concentrates (9.4% in concentrates vs. 2.6% in isolates). In this study, pepsin hydrolysates with a final DH of 35.2% showed higher reducing power and metal chelating activity than trypsin and papain hydrolysates. Okra protein hydrolysates were found to have varying levels of antioxidant activity, which was dependent on the specificity of the protease and proportional to the degree of hydrolysis achieved.

Study of some Functional Properties of Elastin Extracted from Bovine Leather

“…It is found in the walls of arteries and alveoli in the lungs, leather, tendons, and ligaments [4]. The extraction of protein from plant and animal sources describes antioxidant properties, as the antioxidant properties depend on the properties of the original protein (amino acid composition) [5]. Elastin does not spread throughout the leather, as it is found in the granular areas and in all hair follicles, since the content of elastin in the leather is low and because of its weak mechanical behavior, it differs in its properties from one leather to another, as studies indicate the presence of elastin in all types of vertebrates and that its distribution is uneven Within the elastic tissue, which accounts for 2-4% of the dry weight in the leather and 40% in the great arteries [6], the location of elastin of the leather is usually in the granular layer and can also be found in the proximal area of the flesh layer [7].…”