Antioxidant Activity of Lignin Phenolic Compounds Extracted from Kraft and Sulphite Black Liquors

Faustino, Hélio; Gil, Nuno; Baptista, Cecília; Duarte, Ana Paula

doi:10.3390/molecules15129308

Cited by 122 publications

(99 citation statements)

References 35 publications

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“…In this case, the relatively high RSI value of these lignins (DL, AEL 0.5 , AEL 1.0 , and AL) suggests that these lignins may be used as potential antioxidants in food industry. Additionally, the lignins provide a natural and relatively safe source for antioxidants as compared to the costly and less efficient synthetic antioxidants (e.g., BHT) (Faustino et al 2010). …”

Section: Thermal Degradation and Antioxidant Activity Characteristicsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Alkaline and Organosolv Lignins from Furfural Residue: Structural Features and Antioxidant Activity

Sun¹,

Cao²,

Xu³

et al. 2013

BioResources

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Furfural residue (FR), composed mainly of cellulose and lignin, is an industrial waste produced during furfural manufacture. In this study, dioxane, alkali, ethanol, alkali-ethanol, and alkaline hydrogen peroxide (AHP) were used to extract lignins from FR. The structural features of these lignins obtained were characterized by sugar analysis, GPC, UV, FT-IR, and HSQC spectra. As compared to dioxane lignin (DL), other lignins showed lower molecular weights (M w ) owing to the partial cleavage of the linkages between lignin units. Results from HSQC spectra revealed that β-O-4' and β-5' were still the major linkages of the FR lignin. Moreover, p-coumaric and ferulic acids were released and coprecipitated in the lignin preparations extracted with alkali and AHP, whereas part of the esters in DL were preserved during the dioxane extraction. Antioxidant activity investigation indicated that the antioxidant property of the alkali and alkali-ethanol lignins was higher than that of the commercial antioxidant, butylated hydroxytoluene. Keywords INTRODUCTIONFurfural residue (FR), an industrial waste, is produced during the manufacture of furfural from corncob, during which hemicelluloses are hydrolyzed to produce the furfural by acid catalysis, while the residue (mainly cellulose and lignin) is usually burnt. It has been estimated that the annual production of FR is about 23 million tons . With the rapidly increasing demand for energy and the declining supply of fossil resources, bioconversion of FR into biofuels, such as bioethanol, has received much attention. Ethanol production from FR would not only reduce environmental pollution, but also efficiently use the corncob material. It has been reported that the furfural production process decreases the degree of polymerization of cellulose, which is beneficial for the enzymatic hydrolysis (Zhang et al. 2009). However, lignin plays a vital role as an inter-and intra-molecular glue, strengthening plant cell walls, which leads to its inability to undergo rapid biotransformation into useful biofuels (Elumalai et al. 2012). Therefore, pretreatment of FR before its biotransformation is needed. The treatment approach is achieved by fractionation of FR into cellulose and lignin with good selectivity and high yield. Thus FR can be fully exploited for the subsequent conversion into biofuels, commodities (i.e., alkali lignin, organosolv lignin, etc.), and other high value-added products.PEER-REVIEWED ARTICLE bioresources.com Sun et al. (2014). "Lignins from furfural residue," BioResources 9(1), 772-785. 773Lignin is an amorphous polymer consisting of phenylpropane units, and their precursors are three monolignols, namely p-coumaryl, coniferyl, and sinapyl alcohols (Terashima and Fukushima 1989). The respective aromatic constituents of these alcohols in the polymers are called p-hydroxyphenyl (H), guaiacyl (G), and syringyl (S) units (Buranov and Mazza 2008). During the lignification process, these monolignols form various interunit bonds, such as β- O-4′, α-O-4′, 4-O-5′, β-5′, β-1′...

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Section: Thermal Degradation and Antioxidant Activity Characteristicsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Alkaline and Organosolv Lignins from Furfural Residue: Structural Features and Antioxidant Activity

Sun¹,

Cao²,

Xu³

et al. 2013

BioResources

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“…The hindered phenolic hydroxyl groups being part of the lignin structure act as proton donors and are able to stabilize the radical in the quinone resonance structure [16]. Radical scavenging activity is described for a large number of lignin sources, ranging form black liquors [18] to the description of different botanic sources such as miscanthus [19], oak chips [20], bamboo [21] and many others. In general, radical scavenging activity of lignin is negatively influenced by increasing heterogeneity, dispersity, molecular weight average and carbohydrate admixtures [13,15,16].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Potential of Lignins as Antioxidant Additive in Active Biodegradable Packaging Materials

et al. 2013

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is an open access repository that collects the work of Arts et Métiers ParisTech researchers and makes it freely available over the web where possible. Abstract Due to their polyphenolic structure lignins bear a number of interesting functional properties, such as antioxidant activity. Natural antioxidants are very much looked for in the aim of protection of light or oxygen sensitive goods and are being used in active packaging. Poly(lactide) (PLA)-lignin films were prepared by twin screw extrusion followed by thermo-compression using two different commercial sources of alkali lignins obtained from gramineous plants. A good dispersion of lignin in the matrix was observed. Mechanical properties of the compounded material were merely diminished and oxygen barrier properties slightly enhanced. The chromatographic study of the lignins revealed that the low molecular weight fraction of both lignins increased during the polymer processing. The migration of low molecular weight compounds in an ethanol/water solution simulating fatty foodstuff was performed and the antioxidant activity of the extract was analysed. It was found that the activity increases with increasing severity of the heat treatment because of the generation of free phenolic monomers during processing. These results open an interesting way for application of lignins as an active compound in packaging materials. Lignins do not impair the mechanical and barrier performance of the polymer and the plastics processing even allows for the generation of active substances.

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“…Moreover, the natural properties of KL also provide many advantages. Lignin itself has high biocompatibility and biodegradability, low toxicity, ultraviolet resistance (Qian et al 2015), oxidation resistance (Faustino et al 2010), and good pH and temperature responsiveness. These properties make lignin a suitable material for the shells of the hollow nanospheres.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Direct Preparation of Hollow Nanospheres with Kraft Lignin: A Facile Strategy for Effective Utilization of Biomass Waste

Li¹,

Deng²,

Liang³

et al. 2016

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This work discusses the preparation and characterization of hollow nanospheres based on kraft lignin (KL). Kraft lignin is a by-product of the papermaking industry and an abundant renewable resource. It was determined that adding water to a KL/THF solution induced KL to form hollow nanospheres via self-assembly. Scanning electron microscopy and transmission electron microscopy confirmed the hollow nanosphere morphology. The shell thickness of the hollow nanospheres was tunable by adjusting the initial KL concentration in THF, making the nanospheres a potential material for the encapsulation and controlled release of guest molecules. Ultraviolet (UV) and Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy confirmed the π-π stacking of aromatic rings as an important and distinctive mechanism for the formation of hollow KL nanospheres. The nanospheres were obtained simply and inexpensively, and they exhibited the characteristics of biocompatibility, biodegradability, and low toxicity. These advantages make hollow KL nanospheres attractive for applications in nanoscience and nanotechnology. This study developed an economically feasible and facile strategy for the effective use of biomass waste in sustainable chemistry.

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Antioxidant Activity of Lignin Phenolic Compounds Extracted from Kraft and Sulphite Black Liquors

Cited by 122 publications

References 35 publications

Alkaline and Organosolv Lignins from Furfural Residue: Structural Features and Antioxidant Activity

Alkaline and Organosolv Lignins from Furfural Residue: Structural Features and Antioxidant Activity

Potential of Lignins as Antioxidant Additive in Active Biodegradable Packaging Materials

Direct Preparation of Hollow Nanospheres with Kraft Lignin: A Facile Strategy for Effective Utilization of Biomass Waste

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