Antioxidant activity of synovial fluid, hyaluronic acid, and two subcomponents of hyaluronic acid. synovial fluid scavenging effect is enhanced in rheumatoid arthritis patients

Abstract

To test the scavenging of reactive oxygen species (ROS), we added synovial fluids from patients with rheumatoid arthritis (RA) and osteoarthritis, as well as hyaluronic acid (HA) and its 2 subcomponents, Dglucuronic acid and N-acetyl-D-glucosamine, to 2 ROSgenerating systems, activated neutrophils and xanthine xanthine oxidase. Synovial fluid from RA patients, HA, and D-glucuronic acid markedly decreased the 0 2 -, H,O,, OH-, and chemiluminescence measured in both systems. HA and synovial fluid, which are known to be susceptible to degradation by excessive ROS in RA patients, also seem to play an active role in protecting articular tissues from oxidative damage.Hyaluoronic acid (HA) is a glucosaminoglycan with a repeating disaccharide structure that is composed of D-glucuronic acid in / 3 1+3 linkage to Nacetyl-D-glucosamine, which in turn, is in p 1+4 linkage to the next D-glucuronic acid. HA is contained in synovial fluids as one of many proteins, proteoglycan, to which HA is bound. In the joint, HA plays an important role in the protection of articular cartilage and the transport of nutrients to cartilage (1-3). In patients with rheumatoid arthritis (RA), it has been reported that HA acts as an antiinflammatory substance by inhibiting the adherence of immune complexes to neutrophils through the Fc receptor (4), or by protecting the synovial tissues from the attachment of inflammatory mediators (5).We have previously verified that reactive oxygen species (ROS) (02-, H20,, OH-, and chemiluminescence) are generated in abundance by synovial neutrophils from RA patients, as compared with synovial neutrophils of osteoarthritis (OA) patients and peripheral neutrophils of both RA and OA patients (6). McCord (7) demonstrated that HA was susceptible to degradation by ROS in vitro, and that this could be protected by superoxide dismutase (SOD) and/or catalase, which suggests the possibility that there is pathologic oxidative damage to synovial fluid components in RA patients. Dahl et a1 (8) recently reported that there are reduced HA concentrations in synovial fluids from RA patients. It has also been reported that ROS scavengers inhibit the degradation of HA by ROS (9,101. These findings appear to support the hypothesis that ROS are responsible for the accelerated degradation of HA in the rheumatoid joint. In this study, the oxygen radical scavenging activities of synovial fluids

Bioactive extracellular matrix fragments in lung health and disease

“…It is usually synthesized as a very large repeating polysaccharide composed of N-acetyl-d-glycosamine and d-glucuronic acid that is widely present in soft tissues. As a functional component of ECM, HA can deform in any direction, act as a lubricant in joints, absorb water, and chemically scavenge ROS (76,77). There are 3 HA synthase isoforms (HAS1-3) and 6 human hyaluronidase enzymes that degrade HA by hydrolysis of saccharide linkages (19).…”

Dietary Considerations of Wound Healing in Ayurveda

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Preventive Effect of Hyaluronic Acid on the Suppression of Attachment and Migration Abilities of Bovine Chondrocytes by IL-1.ALPHA. in vitro.

“…The chondroprotective effects of HA were reported to scavenge oxygen-derived free radicals [21], to inhibit chondrocytes apoptosis [24] and to suppress chemotaxis and phagocytosis of macrophages and granulocytes in arthritic joint [3]. It is therefore expected that HA could preserve properties and activities of chondrocytes against IL-1α.…”