Antioxidant and anti-obesity properties of local chilies varieties in Malaysia

Abstract

Obesity is a serious health concern as it may initiate common chronic diseases. Chili pepper is an important spice that brings spiciness and commonly used in cuisines. However, the antioxidant and anti-obesity properties of chili varieties in Malaysia has not yet been fully investigated. Therefore, this study aimed to determine the antioxidant (content and activity) and anti-obesity properties of five different varieties of local chili peppers. The antioxidant activities of the extracts were determined through ferric-reducing antioxidant power (FRAP) and 2, 2 0 azinobis-(3-ethyl-benzothiazoline-6-sulphonic acid (ABTS) assays. Cell cytotoxicity of the selected chili extracts was determined in 3T3-L1 pre adipocytes using cell viability assay (MTT) assay. Whereas the ability to inhibit oil accumulation in fully differentiated 3T3-L1 adipocytes of the selected chili pepper extracts was assayed using Oil Red O staining. The results showed that Kulai 568 pulp extract had the highest level of total phenolic content (TPC) (47.88 ± 0.220 mg GAE/g), whereas Centil pulp extract had the highest level of total flavonoid content (TFC) (26.60 ± 0.52 mg QE/g). In term of antioxidant activities, Bara pulp extract had the highest value in FRAP (3.058 ± 0.002 mM Fe 2? /mg extract) and ABTS (IC 50-= 12.411 ± 0.025). High performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) analysis, Bara pulp extract has the highest level of capsaicin (72.271 ± 0.957 lg/ml). In terms of inhibition of oil accumulation Centil seed extract presented the best result (69.09-92.20%), while Bara pulp extract inhibited the most pancreatic lipase activity (IC 50-= 4.84 ± 0.57 lg/ml). Thus, it is suggested that Centil seed and Bara pulp extracts can be a potent antioxidant and anti-obesity agents.

Antioxidant profile of hot and sweet pepper cultivars by two extraction methods

“…A previous experiment reported that the ABTS in pepper varied from 89.25 to 141.25 μmol TE/g when extracts were made from seeds, and from 17.17 to 97.40 μmol TE/g for pulp extracts (Sora et al, 2015). On the other hand, the samples evaluated in a different study showed elevated TAC when the extracts were made with pulp (Huei et al, 2020), reporting values of TAC from 91.95 mg/mL to 0.4 mg/mL for the highest and the lowest concentration in samples, respectively. Such results have similarity with the samples analyzed in the current experiment, but in our case the essay was carried out with pulp samples.…”

“…Literature has reported that FRAP (Benzie & Strain, 1996) and ABTS (Re et al, 1999) methods are effective to determine antioxidant activity. These methods are convenient and easy to use, giving reliable results (Huei et al, 2020;Sora et al, 2015).…”

Composición y aplicaciones clínicas de especies de chiles (Capsicum spp.) domesticados

“…40 En un estudio realizado en ratas Wistar con obesidad inducida, la administración de una dieta alta en grasas adicionada con 41 En ensayos in vitro, reportaron que los extractos etanólicos en concentraciones de 3.61 mg/mL y 2.71 mg/mL de especies de C. annuum y C. frutescens, respectivamente, redujeron la concentración de adipocitos 3T3-L1, además, inhibieron el nivel de lípidos en los adipocitos hasta en un 69 % y 63 %, respectivamente; los extractos tuvieron la capacidad de inhibir la actividad de la lipasa pancreática, tratamiento similar con Orlistat, medicamento utilizado en el tratamiento del control de peso. 42 La administración de 3.2 g/d de una formulación alta en grasas, adicionada con 200 mg/kg de peso de extracto de capsantina, disminuyó el peso corporal en ratones C57BL/6J con obesidad inducida en un 27.5 %, además, la administración de la dieta alta en grasas con capsantina redujo (p<0.05) los niveles séricos de triglicéridos, colesterol y LDL, comparado con aquellos alimentados únicamente con la dieta alta en grasas. 43 La capsaicina es capaz de unirse a proteínas que activan neuronas sensoriales por medio de estímulos térmicos, vinculándose a la termogénesis; también presenta efecto sobre algunas proteínas implicadas en el metabolismo de lípidos y carbohidratos, lo que permite regular los niveles de hormonas supresoras del apetito 44 , además, tiene la capacidad de aumentar o reducir la expresión de genes como 7-α-hidroxilasa (CYP7A1), del transportador de ácido biliar ileal (ASBT) y de la proteína ileal de unión al ácido de la bilis (IBABP), implicados en la homeostasis de colesterol, mejorando el metabolismo endógeno de esteroles.…”

The potential and the quality of several open pollinated chili varieties seed production

“…Chili is used varies such as for instant seasoning mix, chili sauce [11,14], or filled chocolate [15]. In addition, chili can be known to have antioxidants [16] and anti-obesity [17], bio pesticides [18], tea [19]. The need for fresh chili is increasing along with the increasing in Indonesia's population.…”