Antioxidant and Antibacterial Potential of Silver Nanoparticles: Biogenic Synthesis Utilizing Apple Extract

Abstract

The advancement of the biological production of nanoparticles using herbal extracts performs a significant role in nanotechnology discipline as it is green and does not engage harsh chemicals. The objective of the present investigation was to extract flavonoids in the mode of apple extract and synthesize its silver nanoparticles and ultimately nanoparticles loading into hydrogels. The presence of flavonoids in apple extract was characterized by preliminary testing like dil. ammonia test and confirmatory test by magnesium ribbon test. The synthesized silver nanoparticles were characterized using UV spectroscopy, particle size and surface morphology, and zeta potential. Silver nanoparticles loaded hydrogels were evaluated for physical appearance, pH, viscosity, spreadability, porosity, in vitro release, ex vivo permeation, and antibacterial (E. coli and S. aureus) and antioxidant studies (DPPH radical scavenging assay). Well dispersed silver nanoparticles below were observed in scanning electron microscope image. Hydrogels displayed in vitro release of 98.01% ± 0.37% up to 24 h and ex vivo permeation of 98.81 ± 0.24% up to 24 h. Hydrogel effectively inhibited the growth of both microorganism indicating good antibacterial properties. The value of percent radical inhibition was 75.16% ± 0.04 revealing its high antioxidant properties. As an outcome, it can be concluded that antioxidant and antiageing traits of flavonoids in apple extract plus biocidal feature of silver nanoparticles can be synergistically and successfully utilized in the form of hydrogel.

Synthesis of Functional Silver Nanoparticles and Microparticles with Modifiers and Evaluation of Their Antimicrobial, Anticancer, and Antioxidant Activity

“…Another report described the antioxidant effect of silver nanoparticles against DPPH, showing 75.16 ± 0.04% inhibition [ 47 ]. The antioxidant activity of silver particles in our study might be because of the capping agents (maleic acid and citric acid) adsorbed at the nanoparticles’ surface, which have been reported to possess antioxidant activities due to their ability to chelate metals, and are, therefore, classified as “preventive” or ‘’synergistic” [ 92 ].…”

<p>Hepatoprotective effect of silver nanoparticles synthesized using aqueous leaf extract of <em>Rhizophora apiculata</em></p>

“…The ability of a drug to attenuate injuries or to preserve the normal physiological function of the liver after induction of toxicity is the index of its hepatoprotective effect 60. Plant extracts used to synthesize AgNPs can lead to synergistic effects, including an antioxidant effect 61. Results obtained, considering the biochemical and histological parameters, signify that AgNPs were effective in protection against CCl 4 -intoxication.…”

Silver Nanoparticles: Mechanism of Action and Probable Bio-Application

“…Thus, silver phyto-nanoparticles obtained from extracts of ornamental flower plants Hyacinthus orientalis and Dianthus caryophyllus (oriental hyacinth and garden clove) were found to have high antioxidant activity [ 207 ]. Salari et al demonstrated that AgNPs synthesized using an aqueous Prosopis farcta fruit extract were excellent free radical “cleaners” [ 208 ]; a similar effect was shown in vitro for an aqueous extract of black Currant pomace [ 209 ], apple extract [ 210 ], leaf extracts of Elephantopus scaber [ 211 ], Indigofera hirsuta [ 212 ], and Tinospora cordifolia [ 213 ]. The most popular used and rapid methods for estimating antioxidant activity are the ABTS (2,2-Azino-bis (3-ethylbenzthiazoline-6-sulfonic acid radical) and DPPH (1,1-diphenyl–2–picrylhydrazyl radical) assays [ 214 ].…”