Antioxidant and antigenotoxic activities of Angelica keiskei, Oenanthe javanica and Brassica oleracea in the Salmonella mutagenicity assay and in HCT116 human colon cancer cells

Abstract

Epidemiological studies indicate that consumption of green-yellow vegetables rich in chlorophyll, vitamin C, vitamin E, and carotenoids reduce the risk of cancer. We sought to examine the antigenotoxic and antioxidant properties of chlorophyll-rich methanol extracts of Angelica keiskei, Oenanthe javanica, and Brassica oleracea (kale). In the Salmonella mutagenicity assay, A. keiskei caused dose-dependent inhibition against three heterocyclic amine mutagens in the presence of S9, O. javanica was antimutagenic only at the highest concentration in the assay (2 mg/plate), and B. oleracea showed no consistent inhibitory activity at non-toxic levels. None of the extracts were effective against three direct-acting mutagens in the absence of S9. Extracts of A. keiskei and, to a lesser extent O. javanica, inhibited two of the major enzymes that play a role in the metabolic activation of heterocyclic amines, based on ethoxyresorufin-O-deethylase and methoxyresorufin-O-demethylase assays in vitro. All three plant extracts were highly effective in assays which measured ferric reducing/antioxidant power, oxygen radical absorbance capacity, and Fe2+/H2O2-mediated DNA nicking. Finally, using the 'comet' assay, all three plant extracts protected against H2O2-induced genotoxic damage in human HCT116 colon cancer cells. These findings provide support for the antigenotoxic and antioxidant properties of chlorophyll-rich extracts of A. keiskei, O. javanica, and B. oleracea, through mechanisms that include inhibition of carcinogen activation and scavenging of reactive oxygen species.

Phytochemicals of Brassicaceae in plant protection and human health – Influences of climate, environment and agronomic practice

“…These health properties are largely attributed to the content of secondary substances and are linked to a reduced incidence of risk for degenerative diseases (Forte et al, 2008;Van Horn et al, 2008;Virgili and Marino, 2008). Several epidemiological studies indicate that a high intake of brassicaceous vegetables is associated with a reduced risk for cancer, cardiovascular diseases and diabetes (Beecher, 1994;Friedman, 1997;Kwon et al, 2006;Lampe and Peterson, 2002;Podsę dek, 2007).…”

Estimation of salivary protein thiols and total antioxidant power of saliva in brain tumor patients

“…[1][2][3][4] Many different oxidative stress markers have been analyzed, both in serum and saliva of cancer patients. [5][6][7] Repeated analysis of these markers of oxidative stress may be needed at various stages viz.…”

Xanthoangelols isolated from Angelica keiskei inhibit inflammatory‐induced plasminogen activator inhibitor 1 (PAI‐1) production

“…Recent studies have also shown that extracted chalcones exert beneficial effects upon metabolic syndrome and its related diseases [7, 8]. Chalcones also posses various biological properties, including anti‐inflammatory and antioxidant activities [9, 10]. Ashitaba is also thought to have antithrombotic activities.…”