ANTIOXIDANT AND ANTIMUTAGENIC ACTIVITIES OF TAIF GRAPE (<i>VITIS VINIFERA</i>) CULTIVARS

Abstract

Extract of grape Vitis vinifera has been reported to exhibit antioxidant and antimutagenic activities and the phenolic compounds play a vital role in determining these activities. Therefore; the objective of the present study was to evaluate the antioxidant and anti-mutagenic activities as well as the phenolic composition of different grape cultivar extracts collected from Taif region. The grape cultivars namely; Italian, American, Lebanese, Taify b and Taify e were collected at maturity stage to represent Taif region cultivars. The total concentrations of phenoles were determined for the five cultivar extracts and results indicated that the concentrations ranged from 115-960 mg L −1 Gallic Acid Equivalent (GAE). Also, HPLC analysis included was carried out of nine important phenolic compounds namely; Cyanidine chloride, Myricetin, Chrysin, Quercetin, Delphinidine chloride, Malvidine chloride, Naringenin, Galangin and Caffeic acid. Significant differences among cultivars were obtained for each compound. However, the highest cultivar for each compound differed from compound to another. At the same time, DPPH was used to estimate antioxidant activity and the data showed that different grape cultivar extracts were able to quench 47-60% of DPPH radical solution and to exhibited potent radical scavenging activity. Also, antimutagenic activity was measured as a decrease of chromosomal aberrations in bone marrow cells of mice treated with the mutagen Endoxan. Results showed that treatment of mice with grape cultivar extracts resulted in a significant decrease in all types of chromosomal aberrations induced by Endoxan. Also, the anticlastogenic effect was measured using micronulei test and results indicated that all grape cultivar extracts reduced significantly the effect of Endoxan on micronulei test. Finally, treatment of mice with grape cultivar extracts enhanced mitotic index of mice bone marrow cells reduced by Endoxan treatment. The relationship between phenolic compound concentrations and antioxidant capacity was discussed.

Antimutagenic and antigenotoxic potential of grape juice concentrate in blood and liver of rats exposed to cadmium

“…Palus et al (2003) correlated cadmium concentration and genotoxicity in peripheral blood cells, showing that the incidence of micronucleus in these subjects was twice as high as the control group (not exposed to heavy metals). By comparison, Fahmi et al (2013) investigated the antimutagenic activity in bone marrow mice cells of five different grape cultivar extracts and showed that all extracts had decreased micronucleus incidence after endoxan treatment. Yalçin et al (2010) treated mice with grape seed extract (at 50 and 150 mg/kg) in doxorubicininduced genotoxicity.…”

Impact of Cluster Zone Leaf Removal on Grapes cv. Regent Polyphenol Content by the UPLC-PDA/MS Method

“…Furthermore, an increasing number of human clinical trials has demonstrated that the consumption of grapes and their products, such as grape juice or wine, exerts many health-promoting effects particularly the reduced risk of cardiovascular diseases, type-2 diabetes, and other chronic complications [1]. These effects result from the fact that, grapes contain many active phenolic compounds that possess antioxidant, antimutagenic [2,3], cardioprotective, anticancer, antiaging, antimicrobial [4] and anti-inflammatory properties [4,5]. According to these properties, the most important grape polyphenols are anthocyanins, flavanols (also called flavan-3-ols), flavonols [6] and phenolic acids [7].…”

Genotoxicity Assessment of Nutraceuticals Extracted from Thinned Nectarine (Prunus persica L.) and Grape Seed (Vitis vinifera L.) Waste Biomass

“…Interestingly, both TN ( P. persica L.) and ATGSE ( V. Vinifera L.) act as anti-mutagens, reproducing the effects of their respective main fruits [ 50 ]. This is likely the result of their bioactive fractions being enriched in bioactive compounds, especially polyphenols, present in higher quantities compared to full-harvest fruits [ 51 ].…”