Antioxidant and antiproliferative potentials of phenolic-rich extracts from biotransformed grape pomace in colorectal Cancer

Abstract

Background Colorectal carcinoma is one of the most commonly diagnosed malignancies worldwide. Consumption of dietary supplements and nutraceuticals such as phenolic compounds may help combat colorectal carcinoma. The effect of two phenolic-rich extracts prepared from biotransformed grape pomace on the antioxidant properties and antiproliferative activity against two colorectal cancer cell lines (Caco-2 and SW620) were investigated. Methods A 15-day solid-state fermentation with the white-rot fungi Phanerochaete chrysosporium and Trametes gibbosa was used to biotransform grape pomace. Solid-liquid extraction was then performed to extract bioactive compounds. The extract was analyzed for the determination of phenolic compounds by ultra-high performance liquid chromatography and in vitro assays of biological activities (antioxidant activity, antiproliferative activity, cell cycle analysis). Results The 4 days of solid-state fermentation proved to be the optimal period to obtain the maximum yield of phenolic compounds. The tested extracts showed significant antioxidant and antiproliferative activities. Grape pomace treated with P. chrysosporium and T. gibbosa reduced cancer cell growth by more than 60% at concentrations (solid/liquid ratio) of 1.75 mg/mL and of 2.5 mg/mL, respectively. The cell cycle perturbations induced by the grape pomace extracts resulted in a significant increase in the number of cells in the S (9.8%) and G2/M (6.8%) phases of SW620 exposed to T. gibbosa after 48 hours, while P. chrysosporium increased the percentage of cells in the G1 phase by 7.7%. The effect of grape pomace extracts on Caco-2 was less pronounced. Conclusions The obtained results suggest the presence of bioactive compounds in biotransformed grape pomace as a residue from winemaking, which could be used to prevent colon cancer.

The amount of antioxidants in honey has a strong relationship with the plants selected by honey bees

“…The key role of natural antioxidants in biological systems and their relationship with the treatment and prevention of various diseases has been the focus of nutrition and health researchers 4 , 5 . Natural antioxidants in food have shown positive effects in the prevention and treatment of many types of cancer 6 , 7 . It also prevents metabolic disorders by eliminating free radicals 8 , 9 .…”

A View on the Chemical and Biological Attributes of Five Edible Fruits after Finishing Their Shelf Life: Studies on Caco-2 Cells

“…Studies have also revealed that the damage upon HT-29 was less pronounced, while the purified extracts appeared to have a higher activity than the crude extracts; finally, the purified grape extracts showed a higher specificity on the colorectal cancer cells compared to the fibroblast cell line CRL2072 [178]. Other studies on several phenolic-rich extracts from biotransformed grape pomace tested on colorectal cancer cell lines Caco-2 and SW-620 have also proved the ability of the GP products at 1.75 mg/mL and 2.5 mg/mL to inhibit the viability of the tested cells by more than 60%; the effects upon the Caco-2 line were less pronounced than those upon the SW620 line [179]. The present MTS cytotoxicity assay after 24 h of cell exposure also indicated the ability of the 50% ethanolic extracts from the fresh green seedless table grapes (EEG at t = 0 and t = 7) to inhibit the growth of the human colon carcinoma cell line Caco-2 along the entire interval tested: from 3.59 to 28.68 µg GAE/mL sample, respectively.…”

“…The products from grapes, mainly the grape pomace (GP) beverages, are some of the most studied fruits in relation with human health consumption and benefits [164][165][166][167][168][169][170][171][172][173][174][175][176][177][178][179]. Regarding the organ targeted effects, the literature data lean towards major benefits in counteracting the cardiac and coronary heart diseases [164][165][166][167][168][169][170][171][172][173].…”

The Use of Upcycled Grape Pomace as a Functional Ingredient in Biscuits

“…It is known that phenolic compounds have antiproliferative activity, and our previous work demonstrated that phenol-rich grape pomace extract from Cabernet Sauvignon affects the reduction of cell viability of Caco-2 and SW 620 cancer cell lines [40]. In the present study, the human liver cell line HepG2 and the colon cell lines Caco-2 and SW620 were used to evaluate cell viability in the presence of grape pomace-enriched biscuits (Figure 3).…”