Antioxidant and gastroprotective actions of butanol fraction ofZingiber officinaleagainst diclofenac sodium-induced gastric damage in rats

Abstract

This study was designed to investigate the antioxidant and antiulcer activities of flavonoid‐rich fractions of Zingiber officinale extract. The fractions, obtained by solvents of increasing polarities, were subjected to 2,2‐diphenyl‐1‐picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) radical scavenging activity. The fraction which possessed the highest antioxidant activity was used to assess gastroprotective action against diclofenac sodium induced gastric ulcer in rats. Chromatographic profiling was carried out using LC‐ESI‐MS analysis. The butanol fraction (BF) showed the strongest antioxidant potential and the results of the in vivo study revealed that BF at 100 mg/kg protected against gastric lesions. At the same dose, BF prevented diclofenac sodium‐induced increase in tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNF‐α) and malondialdehyde (MDA) levels, and depletion of catalase (CAT) activity as well as glutathione (GSH) and prostaglandin E2 (PGE2) contents. LC‐ESI‐MS analysis revealed the presence of 12 phenolic compounds. BF exerted antiulcer action which could be linked to the presence of phenolic compounds. Practical applications Zingiber officinale has been widely consumed as a spice and used in folk medicine for treatment of gastric disorders. This is the first report evaluating the pharmacological effects of the butanol extract of ginger for the prevention of gastric ulcer. The results showed that the extract affords better gastroprotective activity against diclofenac sodium‐induced gastric ulcer in rats by reducing oxidative stress. Information provided in this study will be beneficial for developing applications of ginger in food biotechnology as functional and nutraceutical ingredient.

Gastro-Protective and Anti-Oxidant Potential of Althaea officinalis and Solanum nigrum on Pyloric Ligation/Indomethacin-Induced Ulceration in Rats

“…This was in agreement with a previous study that showed that indomethacin-induced increases in mucosal MDA levels have been improved by classic anti-ulcer drugs like omeprazole [8]. Additionally, omeprazole significantly attenuated the increase of MDA, and protected the stomach from depletion of GSH in comparison to the ulcer control group [20]. The levels of SOD and CAT were significantly increased at the same time that levels of MDA were significantly decreased in pre-treated groups with omeprazole [113].…”

“…This result is in harmony with that obtained in previous investigations [94]. Pretreatment with omeprazole prevented its reduction in the gastric mucosa in comparison to the ulcer control group [20]. Treatment with omeprazole, orally, can upregulate and increase the mucosal PG-E 2 level [116].…”

“…NO is an endogenous defensive factor for gastric cells and exhibits gastro-protective properties against different types of aggressive agents [18]. NO is involved in the maintenance of mucosal integrity through the regulation of mucus and alkaline secretions, gastric motility and microcirculation [111], modulate acid levels and blood flow in gastric tissues, modulation of mast cell activity [112], prevent membrane lipid peroxidation [8], and promotion of PG-E 2 synthesis [18,20,89]. Evidence exists that escalating the levels of both PG-E 2 and NO boosts gastric mucus formation and secretion [98].…”

“…Herbs represent excellent resources for cost-effective and readily available gastro-protective remedies without significant side effects [14,15,16,17]. Medicinal/herbal plants and extracts represent some of the most attractive resources of new drugs and have shown promising results for the treatment of gastric ulcers [17,18,19,20,21,22,23,24]. The natural products obtained from medicinal plants, including flavonoids, polyphenols, terpenoids [18], saponins [24], alkaloids [12], and mucilaginous polysaccharides [25], show immense pharmacological significance such as anti-inflammatory, antimicrobial, antiulcer, anti-oxidant, and anticancer activities [24,26,27].…”

Bioactive Compounds and Bioactivities of Ginger (Zingiber officinale Roscoe)

“…In addition, rats with a gastric ulcer induced by diclofenac sodium were treated with the butanol extract of ginger. It could prevent an increase in the level of MDA and a decrease in catalase activity as well as the level of glutathione [34]. Moreover, the 6-gingerol-rich fraction from ginger could reduce the levels of H 2 O 2 and MDA, enhance antioxidant enzyme activity, and increase glutathione in rats with oxidative damage induced by chlorpyrifos [25].…”