Antioxidant and Mutagenic Activity of Herbal Tea Prepared from Cosmos caudatus Leaves at Different Maturity Stages

Abstract

Different maturity stages of Cosmos caudatus leaves have been used to prepare herbal tea were investigated for their effect on antioxidant activity and mutagenic activity. The analyses carried out were total phenolic content (TPC), total flavonoid content (TFC), ferric reducing antioxidant power (FRAP), 2-2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) radical scavenging, β-carotene bleaching assay, oxygen radical absorbance capacity (ORAC) and Ames Salmonella mutagenicity. The results demonstrated that, C. caudatus herbal tea prepared from young leaves showed significantly highest antioxidant activity for all assays tested, followed by mixed leaves, mature leaves, old leaves and the lowest was in C. caudatus herbal tea from a commercial brand. Pearson's correlation coefficient also demonstrated that TPC and TFC displayed a strong correlation with all antioxidant activity assays, showing that these compounds were the major contributors to the antioxidant activity in C. caudatus herbal tea. However, all studied C. caudatus herbal tea showed no mutagenic effects against Salmonella typhimurium tester strain TA98 and TA100 with and without S9 metabolic activation. Hence, it can be concluded that, different maturity stages could affect the antioxidant activity in C. caudatus herbal tea as it reduced the antioxidant activity as maturity increased, but did not give any effect on the mutagenic activity.abstrak Kesan aktiviti antioksida dan mutagen ke atas teh herba yang dihasilkan daripada daun Cosmos caudatus pada tahap kematangan yang berbeza telah dikaji. Analisis yang dijalankan ialah jumlah kandungan fenolik (TPC), jumlah kandungan flavonoid (TFC), ujian penurunan ferik (FRAP), pemerangkapan radikal bebas 2-2-Difenil-1-pikrilhidrazil (DPPH), pelunturan β-karotena, kapasiti penyerapan radikal oksigen (ORAC) dan mutagenik Ames Salmonella. Keputusan menunjukkan bahawa, teh herba C. caudatus dihasilkan daripada daun muda mempunyai aktiviti antioksida yang tertinggi bagi kesemua asai yang diuji, diikuti oleh daun campuran, daun matang, daun tua dan nilai terendah diperoleh dari teh herba C. caudatus daripada jenama komersial. Pekali kolerasi Pearson juga memaparkan kolerasi yang kuat bagi TPC dan TFC dengan kesemua asai aktiviti antioksida yang dijalankan. Ini menunjukkan bahawa sebatian tersebut merupakan penyumbang utama kepada aktiviti antioksida di dalam teh herba C. caudatus. Walau bagaimanapun, kesemua teh herba C. caudatus yang dikaji tidak menunjukkan kesan mutagen terhadap strain penguji Salmonella typhimurium TA98 dan TA100 dengan dan tanpa pengaktifan metabolic S9. Sebagai kesimpulannya, peringkat kematangan daun yang berbeza boleh memberi kesan ke atas aktiviti antioksida di dalam teh herba C. caudatus, semakin meningkat kematangan daun yang digunakan, semakin rendah aktiviti antioksida, tetapi tiada kesan ke atas aktiviti mutagen.

In vitro and In vivo Assessments on Nutraceutical and Safety of Herb-Fruit Based Drink on Female Wistar Rats

“…When the IC50 value of the sample was lower, the antioxidant activity was higher. 23 The IC50 value of the present study showed that ALLURA TM has a high antioxidant capacity as compared to the previous data from Dian-Nashiela et al 22 who reported that C. caudatus herbal tea extracted from the leaves had an lC50 value of 1055 µg/mL.…”

“…Meanwhile, TFC value of the present study was high as compared to the TFC value of herbal tea from a commercial brand, 17.92 mg QE/mL. 22 DPPH is usually expressed as IC50, the amount of antioxidant necessary for decreasing the initial concentration of DPPH by 50%. When the IC50 value of the sample was lower, the antioxidant activity was higher.…”

EFFECTS OF LEAF MATURITY OF Piper sarmentosum (KADUK) ON ITS ANTIOXIDANT LEVEL

“…The maturity of leaf may affect its antioxidant level, which gave different results of antioxidant level of berry crops' leaf according to the leaf maturity [7]. A research also proved that maturation of Cosmos caudatus leaf decreases its antioxidant capacity [8]. Hence, in this study, the leaf of P. sarmentosum is chosen to be further investigated for the effects of its leaf maturity on its antioxidant level.…”