Antioxidant and protective effect ofStachys pilifera Benthagainst nephrotoxicity induced by cisplatin in rats

Abstract

The aim of current study was to assess the antioxidant and renoprotective effects of Stachys pilifera Benth (S.P.B.) hydroalcoholic extract on nephrotoxicity induced with cisplatin (CP). Adult rats with bodyweight of 180–220 g were divided into five groups (n = 7) treated as follows: group 1, control; group 2, CP; group 3, pretreatment with S.P.B. before CP; group 4, posttreatment with S.P.B. after CP; and, group 5, S.P.B. extract. A single dose of CP (7 mg/kg) was intraperitoneally injected on the fifth day and hydroalcoholic extract of S.P.B. (500 mg kg–1 day–1) was orally administered. The levels of oxidative stress markers, biochemical tests, and histopathological staining were assayed in serum and renal tissue. Also, the chemical composition of S.P.B. extract was determined by GC‐MS analysis. The main compositions of S.P.B. extract identified by GC‐MS analysis, were hexadeca‐2,6,10,14‐tetraen‐1‐ol, 3,7,11,16‐tetramethyl (24.77%), thymol (14.1%), and linolenic acid (13.4%). In groups treated and pretreated with S.P.B., blood urea nitrogen, creatinine, malondialdehyde, and nitric oxide metabolite in serum as well as malondialdehyde and protein carbonyl content of kidney tissues were significantly decreased in comparison to CP group; in contrast, total thiol group showed a significant increase in treated group as compared to CP group. Furthermore, histological investigation indicated that treatment with S.P.B. improved renal damages induced by CP. The current study showed that S.P.B. hydroalcoholic extract improved the biochemical parameters and kidney function as well as restored antioxidant activity in CP‐induced nephrotoxicity. However, it needs more investigations to define the mechanism of S.P.B. action. Practical applications In different regions of Iran, Stachys is demonstrated by 34 species, out of which 13 are endemic, one of these endemic species is Stachys pilifera Benth (S.P.B.). The oil of S.P.B. is mainly consisted of cis‐chrysanthenyl acetate, cis‐chrysanthenol, spathulenol, β‐caryophyllene, linalool, and terpinen‐4‐ol. Moreover, phytochemical studies have shown the presence of compounds such as diterpenes, phenylethanoid glycosides, saponins, terpenoides, and flavonoids in Stachys species. The aerial parts of S.P.B. are consumed as herbal tea to treat several disorders, for example, infections, asthma, and rheumatoid arthritis in Iranian folk medicine. The aim of current study was to evaluate the antioxidant and protective effects of S.P.B. hydroalcoholic extract on nephrotoxicity induced with cisplatin (CP). The current study showed that S.P.B. hydroalcoholic extract improved the biochemical parameters and kidney function as well as restored antioxidant activity in CP‐induced nephrotoxicity. However, it needs more researches to define the mechanism of S.P.B. action.

L-Carnitine Mitigates Oxidative Stress and Disorganization of Cytoskeleton Intermediate Filaments in Cisplatin-Induced Hepato-Renal Toxicity in Rats

“…Like the recent finding of Abd El-Kader and Taha (2020); Abdel-Razek et al 2020and Sadeghi et al (2020), the current study exhibited many distinguishing degenerative changes in the kidney of the CP group including degeneration and desquamation of the tubular epithelium, congestion, and dilatation of interstitial blood vessels and capillaries as reported by Neamatallah et al (2018). Moreover, the presence of eosinophilic hyaline casts in some renal tubules agrees with Abd El-Kader and Taha (2020) and Abdel-Razek et al (2020).…”

“…Mohamed and Badawy (2019) reported CP is significantly taken up by the liver and accumulated in the hepatocyte, causing its damage leading to an increase of the liver enzymes activities. In addition, CP elevates creatinine and urea levels, which are confirmed by Sadeghi et al (2020) and indicate nephrotoxicity induced by CP. On the other hand, Cayir et al (2009) attributed the hepatotoxicity and nephrotoxicity induced by CP to the free radical generation in the renal and hepatic cells results in lipid peroxidation and oxidative stress that responsible for cellular damage.…”

“…Although cisplatin (CP) [ cis -diamminedichloroplatinum (II), CDDP], is potent anticancer medication use to treat a variety of tumors including testicular, ovarian, bladder, and lung ( Ibrahim et al., 2016 ; Karwasra et al., 2016 ). Several recent studies recorded that the CP induces hepatotoxicity ( Abdellatief et al., 2017 ; Qu et al., 2019 ; Abdel-Daim et al., 2020 ; Hwang et al., 2020 ) and nephrotoxicity ( Abdel-Daim et al., 2017 ; Abdel-Razek et al., 2020 ; Abo-Elmaaty et al., 2020 ; Sadeghi et al., 2020 ). Miller et al.…”

Genus Stachys: A Review of Traditional Uses, Phytochemistry and Bioactivity

“…Among them, the methanol extract of S. thirkei showed strongest antioxidant capacity, through β-carotene (IC 50 = 47.79 ± 0.59 μg/mL), DPPH (IC 50 = 49.31 ± 0.38 μg/mL), ABTS (IC 50 = 13.34 ± 0.02 μg/mL) and CUPRAC (absorbance%: 1.88 ± 0.02 μg/mL) assays. Sadeghi et al (2020) assessed the the antioxidant properties of hydroalcoholic extract of S. pilifera on nephrotoxicity induced with cisplatin (CP) in vivo (in rats), showing that the specific extract restored the antioxidant capacity, as well as it had renoprotective activity [ 19 ].…”

“…In the international literature, Stachys species have been broadly studied through several phytochemical and pharmacological investigations, justifying their ethnopharmacological uses. Of special pharmacological interest are considered the anti-inflammatory, antioxidant, analgesic, renoprotective, anxiolytic and antidepressant activity [ 3 , 17 , 18 , 19 ]. The range of the therapeutic properties attributed to these species have been associated to their phytochemical content.…”