Antioxidant, anti-acetylcholinesterase and anti-glycosidase properties of three species of Swertia, their xanthones and amarogentin: A comparative study

Abstract

Aim:The aim of the study was to analyze the antioxidant, anti-amylase, anti-glucosidase and antiacetylcholinesterase (anti-AChE) properties of the leafy shoots of three Indian species of Swertia e.g. Swertia chirata and its substitutes Swertia bimaculata, and Swertia decussata, their xanthones and amarogentin. Methods: Antioxidant activity of the methanolic extracts of leafy shoots was measured in terms of DPPH, superoxide and nitric oxide radical scavenging activities as well as metal chelating properties. Enzyme inhibitory properties were measured using AChE, α-amylase and α-glucosidase respectively. Five xanthones bellidifolin (1), swerchirin (2), decussatin (3), mangiferin (4) and 1-hydroxy-3,5,8-trimethoxy xanthone (6) and one iridoid, amarogentin (5) were isolated from Swertia chirata. The activities of the isolated components were compared. Results: Swertia chirata exhibited best antioxidant and antiAChE properties than the other two species. The plants also possessed α-glucosidase inhibitory properties but weak α-amylase inhibitory activity. Highest activities were observed in Swertia chirata. We report here, for the first time, the antioxidant, anti-AChE and anti-glycosidase activity of 1-hydroxy-3,5,8-trimethoxy xanthone. This xanthone had strongest DPPH radical scavenging activity and anti-AChE property. Conclusion: The results suggest the beneficial effects of the xanthones of Swertia chirata. But further study should be carried out to prove the efficacy in vivo.

Bioactivities of Centaurium erythraea (Gentianaceae) Decoctions: Antioxidant Activity, Enzyme Inhibition and Docking Studies

“…The docking studies that were performed showed that unlike gentiopicroside, xanthones which are also present in C. erythraea decoction, can be strong AChE inhibitors and their inhibition power depends on their R x group substitutions. Furthermore, in our work xan09 was identified as a good inhibitor, which is in good agreement with the experimentally measured IC 50 value of 18.5 μM [49]. A series of rationally designed xanthones were created based on the best inhibitors found in this study and xan12.1 was identified as the strongest inhibitor we observed.…”

Activation of cholinergic anti-inflammatory pathway involved in therapeutic actions of α-mangostin on lipopolysaccharide-induced acute lung injury in rats

“…Mounting reports solidly confirm xanthone derivatives as effective AchE antagonists. 23,24 We further demonstrated that MAN promoted CHAT expression in vitro. These results suggested that MAN crippled the degradation and increased the biosynthesis of Ach simultaneously.…”

La etnobotánica y etnofarmacología de Gentianella alborosea (Gilg) Fabris y Gentianella nitida (Griseb.) Fabris (familia Gentianaceae) utilizadas en Perú: Una revisión

“…Esta actividad puede ser atribuida a la presencia del seco-iridoide glucósido AG, ya que existen estudios que demuestran que la su actividad quimiopreventiva, actuando sobre la carcinogénesis hepática, carcinogénesis de la piel y reducción de la progresión tumoral (Mirzaee et al 2017, Patel et al 2019. Asimismo Nag et al (2015) demuestra que la actividad antioxidante in vitro de especies de la familia Gentianaceae se debe a la presencia de xantonas.…”