Antioxidant, Anti-Nephrolithe Activities and in Vitro Digestibility Studies of Three Different Cyanobacterial Pigment Extracts

Abstract

Phycobiliprotein-containing water and carotenoid-containing methanolic extracts of three different cyanobacteria, Pseudanabaena sp., Spirulina sp. and Lyngbya sp., were studied for their DPPH scavenging, iso-bolographic studies, and anti-nephrolithe activities. The best EC50 values for DPPH scavenging were in Lyngbya water (LW, 18.78 ± 1.57 mg·mg−1 DPPH) and Lyngbya methanol (LM, 59.56 ± 37.38 mg·mg−1 DPPH) extracts. Iso-bolographic analysis revealed most of the combinations of extracts were antagonistic to each other, although LM—Spirulina methanol (SM) 1:1 had the highest synergistic rate of 86.65%. In vitro digestion studies showed that DPPH scavenging activity was considerably decreased in all extracts except for Pseudanabaena methanol (PM) and LM after the simulated digestion. All of the extracts were effective in reducing the calcium oxalate crystal size by nearly 60%–65% compared to negative control, while PM and Spirulina water (SW) extracts could inhibit both nucleation and aggregation of calcium oxalate by nearly 60%–80%.

Spray-dried Spirulina platensis as an effective ingredient to improve yogurt formulations: Testing different encapsulating solutions

“…It is soluble in water and can be easily extracted from S. platensis (Chaiklahan, Chirasuwan, & Bunnag, 2012), usually by the freezing/thawing method (forms ice crystals that cause cell disruption, facilitating the pigments' release), employing different solvents (Abalde, 1998;Kumar, Dhar, Pabbi, Kumar, & Walia, 2014;Soni, Kalavadia, Trivedi, & Madamwar, 2006). In this work, water was the solvent that allowed to extract the highest amount of phycocyanin (1.44 mg/mL, Table 1), which was significantly higher than the concentrations obtained with acetate buffer, phosphate buffer, and ethanol (Table A1, supplementary material), and also higher than the concentrations obtained in similar studies (Paliwal, Bhayani, Maurya, & Mishra, 2015). In either case, there is the possibility of losing phycocyanin during the drying and heating processes (İlter et al, 2018).…”

“…Although other forms of tocopherols (β-and δ-tocopherol) are found in Spirulina, the antioxidant activity is mostly related with the presence of α-tocopherol, whereas βand δ-tocopherols are mainly associated with the anti-inflammatory effects (Azzi, 2018). Paliwal et al (2015), who accessed the antioxidant activity of aqueous and methanolic extracts of Spirulina sp. by the DPPH method, highlight the high content of phycocyanin in these extracts.…”

The Effect of Astaxanthin-Rich Microalgae “Haematococcus pluvialis” and Wholemeal Flours Incorporation in Improving the Physical and Functional Properties of Cookies

“…Researchers have shown that antioxidants can impair enzyme activity during the digestion [ 42 ]. The interaction between phenolic compounds and digestive enzymes [ 43 ] could affect the non-covalent starch-phenolic interactions thus impeding starch degradation [ 44 , 45 ]. Additionally, the rate of sugar release may also be decreased due to the non-starchy network of fibre and protein in the system which entraps starch granules and acts as a physical barrier thus limiting enzyme accessibility [ 28 , 46 ].…”

Carotenoids from Cyanobacteria: Biotechnological Potential and Optimization Strategies

“…and Lyngbya sp. were also suggested as antiurolithiasis (prevention against kidney stone disease) in in vitro assays by Paliwal et al [ 25 ]. Paliwal et al [ 25 ] also evaluated antioxidant capacity, in which Lyngbya sp.…”

“…were also suggested as antiurolithiasis (prevention against kidney stone disease) in in vitro assays by Paliwal et al [ 25 ]. Paliwal et al [ 25 ] also evaluated antioxidant capacity, in which Lyngbya sp. methanolic extract containing myxoxanthophyll, zeaxanthin, canthaxanthin, and α- and β-carotenes, was the one with the highest IC 50 for DPPH • scavenging assay (59.56 mg.mg DPPH −1 ).…”