Antioxidant Capability and Physical Exercise in Neurobiology: A Focus in Neurodegeneration

Scarfò, Giorgia; Daniele, Simona; Franzoni, Ferdinando

doi:10.3390/antiox10020250

Cited by 3 publications

(1 citation statement)

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“…Although the above-mentioned mechanisms are completely avoidable, exercise stands as the best way to delay these aging-related processes 10 . It has been widely demonstrated that regular physical exercise (regular PA) is able to counteract inflammation and the negative effects of free radicals by inducing an adaptive response in endogenous antioxidant systems 11 . Generally, in athletes, levels of catalase (CAT) and glutathione peroxidase (GPx), are increased; in contrast, lipid peroxidation, which is considered the main oxidative marker, is considerably decreased 12 .…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Regular exercise delays microvascular endothelial dysfunction by regulating antioxidant capacity and cellular metabolism

Scarfò,

Daniele,

Chelucci

et al. 2023

Sci Rep

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Aging is the basis for several unfavorable conditions, including cardiovascular diseases (CVDs). In this sense, regular physical activity (regular PA) has been proven to delay cellular aging and prevent endothelial dysfunction related to CVDs. Despite numerous studies involving athletes, little is known about cellular and molecular mechanisms of regular PA among master athletes. The present study aimed at evaluating the effects of regular PA on local microcirculatory functions in elderly athletes as compared to age-matched sedentary controls. Moreover, molecular/epigenetic mechanisms (nitric oxide, oxidative stress, PGC-1α, SIRT1 and miR29) were also assessed. The results of the present study showed that regular PA significantly increased local blood flow in post-ischemia and post-heating conditions, as well as NO plasma concentrations, denoting a better endothelial function/microcirculatory efficiency. Moreover, athletes presented a greater plasma antioxidant and increased transcriptional levels of the metabolism regulator PGC-1α. Finally, regular PA enhanced plasma level of SIRT1 and miR29, suggested as epigenetic regulators of redox balance and cellular metabolism. In addition, stimulated local blood flow was directly related to plasma antioxidant capacity, and SIRT1 and miR29 levels. Overall, our data confirm the beneficial effects of regular PA on the cardiovascular profile in elderly athletes and shed light on molecular signals involved in the positive adaptations to exercise.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Regular exercise delays microvascular endothelial dysfunction by regulating antioxidant capacity and cellular metabolism

Scarfò,

Daniele,

Chelucci

et al. 2023

Sci Rep

Self Cite

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Sex Differences in Blood Accumulation of Neurodegenerative-Related Proteins and Antioxidant Responses to Regular Physical Exercise

Chelucci,

Scarfò,

Piccarducci

et al. 2024

J Mol Neurosci

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Physical activity has been demonstrated to improve cognitive function, thereby preventing/slowing neurodegenerative diseases (NDs). Biological responses to physical activity and vulnerabilities to NDs are emerging to be gender-related. Herein, known ND-associated markers (β-amyloid, tau, α-synuclein), main sex steroid hormones, antioxidant responses, and key gene transcription modulators were evaluated in the blood of physically active and sedentary women and men. In our hands, females presented higher basal erythrocytes β-amyloid and α-synuclein amounts than males. Regular physical activity was able to significantly reduce the erythrocyte content of β-amyloid in females and the tau levels in males, suggesting that these differences may be mediated by organizational actions of sex steroid hormones during development. Furthermore, despite a comparable plasma antioxidant capability (AOC) between males and females, in the latter group, physical activity significantly enhances AOC versus peroxynitrite radicals only. Finally, regular physical activity modulated the levels of transcription factor Nrf2 in erythrocytes, as well as the plasma concentration of the microRNA miR-195 and miR-153, suggesting the promotion of antioxidant/autophagic processes associated with ND-related proteins. Overall, these results could shed light on how cerebral adaptations to physical activity differ between males and females, especially with regard to blood accumulation of ND proteins and mechanisms of antioxidant responses to regular exercise.

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Sex differences in blood accumulation of neurodegenerative-related proteins and antioxidant responses to regular physical exercise

Chelucci,

Scarfò,

Piccarducci

et al. 2024

Preprint

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Physical activity (PA) has been demonstrated to improve cognitive function, thereby preventing/slowing neurodegenerative diseases (NDs). Biological responses to PA and vulnerabilities to NDs are emerging to be gender-related. Herein, known ND-associated markers (β-amyloid, tau, α-synuclein), main sex steroid hormones, antioxidant responses, and key gene transcription modulators were evaluated in the blood of physically active and sedentary women and men. In our hands, females presented higher basal erythrocytes β-amyloid and α-synuclein amounts than males. Regular PA was able to significantly reduce the erythrocytes content of β-amyloid in females and the tau levels in males, suggesting that these differences may be mediated by organizational actions of sex steroid hormones during development. Furthermore, despite a comparable plasma antioxidant capability (AOC) between males and females, in the latter group PA significantly enhance AOC versus peroxynitrite radicals only. Finally, regular PA modulated the levels of transcription factor Nrf2 in erythrocytes, as well as the plasma concentration of the microRNA miR-195, miR-153, suggesting promotion of antioxidant/autophagic processes associated to ND-related proteins. Overall, these results could shed light on how cerebral adaptations to PA differs between males and females, especially with regard to blood accumulation of ND-proteins and mechanisms of antioxidant responses to regular exercise.

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Antioxidant Capability and Physical Exercise in Neurobiology: A Focus in Neurodegeneration

Abstract: Neurodegeneration is a complex process controlled by both genetic and environmental factors [...]

Cited by 3 publications

References 4 publications

Regular exercise delays microvascular endothelial dysfunction by regulating antioxidant capacity and cellular metabolism

Regular exercise delays microvascular endothelial dysfunction by regulating antioxidant capacity and cellular metabolism

Sex Differences in Blood Accumulation of Neurodegenerative-Related Proteins and Antioxidant Responses to Regular Physical Exercise

Sex differences in blood accumulation of neurodegenerative-related proteins and antioxidant responses to regular physical exercise

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