Antioxidant Capacity In Vitro and In Vivo of Various Ecotypes of Mexican Plum (Spondias purpurea L.)

Abstract

Spondias purpurea L. is a fruit native to Mexico, however, it is found as far away as Brazil. It possesses a high commercial potential owing to its sensorial and nutritional qualities and its low cost of production. There exists a variety of ecotypes that have not been characterized and their adequate selection process, according to their strongest functional characteristics, will allow the establishment of improvement programs for this genetic resource. The object of this study was the chemical characterization and the determination of the in vitro and in vivo antioxidant capacity of 7 Spondias purpurea L. ecotypes. Differences were observed in the antioxidant capacity and the content of functional compounds among all the ecotypes analyzed. A high total phenolic content and a low flavonoid and carotenoid content were found, both in the epicarp and in the pulp. In each ecotype, the hydrophilic phase presented up to 40 times greater antioxidant capacity compared to the lipophilic phase. The hydrophilic phase of the epicarp of "Costeña Tierra Colorada" had the greatest antioxidant capacity and highest total phenolic content, whereas "Jocote" presented the lowest antioxidant capacity and total phenolic content. A positive correlation was observed between phenol levels and the antioxidant capacity in the epicarp. Regarding antioxidant activity in vivo, it was observed that in all analyzed concentrations of hydrophilic extracts of the epicarp of "Costeña Tierra Colorada" and in the highest "Jocote" concentrations, they provided thermo-protection against heat stress as well as a general well-being to the worm as evidenced by their high mobility.

Siriguela peels provide antioxidant compounds‐rich extract by solid–liquid extraction

“…The observed values for the antioxidant capacity of siriguela peels extracts, measured by method ABTS •+ are within the range reported by Villa‐Hernández et al (2017) for siriguela epicarp of different states from Mexico, which varied from 43 to 269 µmol Trolox g −1 .…”

“…As compared to the literature, our result for the content of TPC was superior to data reported for Villa‐Hernández et al (2017), which evaluated siriguela epicarp of different states from Mexico. They observed content between 0.03 and 27.5 mg 100 g −1 of these compounds.…”

“…In the depulping of fruit, it is estimated that the generated residue corresponds to 44% of the amount of processed fruit. However, this residue, which comprises mainly of peels and seeds, is poorly explored (Albuquerque, Duarte, Conceição, & Aquino, 2016; Villa‐Hernández et al, 2017).…”

Achiote (Bixa orellana) Lipophilic Extract, Bixin, and δ-tocotrienol Effects on Lifespan and Stress Resistance in Caenorhabditis elegans

“…3S and 4S, Supporting Information 2). Many authors have regarded stress resistance as highly efficient systems able to prevent and/or repair macromolecular damage, suggesting that stress resistance also counteracts aging and increases longevity [21,22]. However, compounds can exert their antistress effects directly, interacting with stressor agents, or indirectly, by activating endogenous defense mechanisms [23].…”

Antioxidant Activity and In Vitro Antiglycation of the Fruit of Spondias purpurea

“…The Mexican plum is a round or ovoid drupe which has a size of 2 to 5 cm, a thin epicarp, which is smooth or semismooth and can turn reddish, yellow, or reddish brown when ripe [ 8 ]; in addition, its endocarp is thick and fibrous and its mesocarp has a pleasant taste and aroma.…”