Antioxidant Capacity of Four Edible Plant Extracts and Theirlarvicidal Effect on the Third Instar Cephalopinatitilator Larvae

Proteomics and Metabolic Patterns of Hyalomma dromedarii Ticks Treated with Citrus sinensis var balady Peels’ Oil Extract

“…The natural toxicity of citrus oil in this study was attributed to Limonin; the most dominant component with high average rate. Similar pattern of results was obtained by many other authors [17][18][19][20][21][22] who found that limonene was identified as monoterpenoid hydrocarbon compounds that had insecticidal activity on many pests such as: house fly, cockroach and Mosquitos. In addition, limonene is a naturally occurring monoterpene (tetracyclic triterpenoid compound) which derived from plants of Rutaceae and Meliaceae, including citrus fruits peels [53][54][55][56][57][58][59][60][61][62][63][64], moreover, the insecticidal effects included: repellency, acute toxicity, fumigant activity, reproductive toxicity, and neurotoxicity.…”

“…Hence, some issues related to public health hazards, acaricide residues in animal bi-products, destructive effect on ecology, and developing resistance to their synthetic material [19,20]. Recently, there was a global trend to evaluate new alternative agents that are eco-safe, effective, and biodegradable with low resistance [5,21]. Several studies indicated that plant extracts and essential oils represent alternative approaches to traditional chemical acaricides against ticks in vitro [17][18][19][20][21][22][23][24].…”

“…Recently, there was a global trend to evaluate new alternative agents that are eco-safe, effective, and biodegradable with low resistance [5,21]. Several studies indicated that plant extracts and essential oils represent alternative approaches to traditional chemical acaricides against ticks in vitro [17][18][19][20][21][22][23][24]. Many Essential oils had both repellent and acaricidal properties against all ticks' stages; adult, nymph, larva and egg, of economically important species with encouraging results; especially Hyalomma spp.…”

“…Botanical acaricides characterized by relative safety, lower cost, easily extractable, ecofriendly, and biodegradability. Their toxic effects have been studied intensively and proved by the biolological changes induced in ticks life cycle and its different instars through successive generations [5,17,21]. Hence, their toxicity affected the proteins synthesis and functionality in all living cells; processes of division, enzymes and hormones activities, controlling cell's metabolism [17,[22][23][24].…”

“…Therefore, it is necessary to search continuously for eco-friendly acaricides. In fully integrated system, tick-control application uses a variety of viable strategies [5,21]. This study aimed to evaluate the toxic effect of essential oil extract of Citrus sinensis var balady peels on camels' tick H. dromedarii under laboratory conditions.…”