Antioxidant defences and haemocyte internalization in Limnoperna fortunei exposed to TiO2 nanoparticles

Rethinking Nano‐TiO2 Safety: Overview of Toxic Effects in Humans and Aquatic Animals

“…Elevated ROS production, accumulation of oxidative lesions to proteins and lipids and DNA damage are commonly found in hemocytes of nano-TiO 2 exposed bivalves, consistent with the pro-oxidant mechanisms of nano-TiO 2 toxicity. [92,[122][123][124][125] Neurotoxicity: Neurotoxicity of nano-TiO 2 has not been extensively studied in bivalves, but a recent study in the blood clam T. granulosa indicates potential involvement of this toxic mechanism. In T. granulosa, exposure to waterborne nano-TiO 2 (0.1, 1, and 10 mg L −1 ) increased the concentrations of the neurotransmitters dopamine and acetylcholine and γ-aminobutyric acid, decreased the activity of acetylcholine esterase, and suppressed the transcript levels of the genes encoding to neurotransmitter modulatory enzymes and neurotransmitter receptors.…”

ZnO nanoparticles alter redox metabolism of Limnoperna fortunei

“…The increasing production and use of nanoparticles in consumer and industrial products and the large range of applications related to these nanomaterials raises some concerns about their potential ecological impacts in different ecosystems and their adverse effect on human health (Simonet and Valcárcel 2009;Salieri, et al 2015;Girardello, et al 2016a;Girardello, et al 2016b). Nanoparticles have a high surface-to-volume ratio, which results in high reactivity potential and unique physical and chemical properties that differ from those of their respective bulk materials (Mallevre, Fernandes, and Aspray 2014; Girardello, et al 2016a;Girardello, et al 2016b). The nanoparticle composition and solubility, and interaction modes with biological systems are highlighted as main factors for risk assessment of metal oxide nanoparticles (Wang, et al 2010;Wu, et al 2010).…”

“…Nanoparticles can cause alteration in redox metabolism, modifying markers related to biomolecules oxidation (Iummato, et al 2013;Girardello, et al 2016a;Girardello, et al 2016b). Furthermore, enzymatic antioxidant defenses are shown to change in different aquatic organisms (Hao, Wang, and Xing 2009;Canesi, et al 2010;Zhu, Zhou, and Cai 2011;Faria, et al 2014).…”

“…Bivalve mollusks are sensitive to nanoparticles toxicity and may be internalized by endocytosis mechanisms (Canesi, et al 2012;Barmo, et al 2013;Canesi, et al 2014;Girardello, et al 2016a;Girardello, et al 2016b). Mussels are lter feeders and stationary organisms and, for this reason, are largely used as biomonitors for environmental perturbations (Villela, et al 2007;Villela, et al 2013) and nanoparticles toxicity assessment (Girardello, et al 2016a;Girardello, et al 2016b). Furthermore, the ability of bivalves to bioaccumulate toxic compounds in their body determines its role in the transfer of environmental pollutants to higher trophic levels (Hunt, et al 2003).…”

“…Golden mussel (Limnoperna fortunei) is an exotic organism from Asia, that lives in freshwater compartments and has been used for biomonitoring of environmental conditions (Mariano, et al 2006;Iummato, et al 2013;Villela, et al 2013;Girardello, et al 2016a;Girardello, et al 2016b). L. fortunei are widely distributed in Rio Grande do Sul, the southernmost state of Brazil, and can be collected during the entire year, which makes this organism an adequate tool for biomonitoring nanoparticles and an excellent candidate to a sentinel organism (Mariano, et al 2006;Villela, et al 2006;Villela, et al 2007;Villela, et al 2013; Girardello, et al 2016a; Girardello, et al 2016b). Ecotoxicological effect models using L. fortunei exposed to nanoparticles were validated in previous studies from our group (Girardello, et al 2016a;Girardello, et al 2016b).…”