Antioxidant defense system: regulation of metabolic processes, genetic determinants, methods of determination

Abstract

An increase in peroxidation activity is considered as a nonspecific process characteristic of the pathogenesis of various diseases accompanied by antioxidant deficiency. As bioregulators that can increase defense, antioxidants are important links in a multi-stage system of regulation and coordination of various body functions. The structure and function of enzymes involved in the regulation of oxidative stress can be significantly affected by genetic polymorphism. To date, the role of genes encoding the activity of enzymes of the antioxidant system in the pathogenesis of many diseases remains unexplored, which is of great interest to researchers from various fields. The article presents a review and analysis of data from modern scientific literature on the role of antioxidant defense components in the regulation of metabolic processes, their genetic determinant, and summarizes data on modern methods for the determination of some antioxidants. When writing the review, the database of the scientific electronic library eLibrary was used, the keywords are oxidative stress, free radical oxidation, antioxidant protection, antioxidants, antioxidant enzymes, enzyme genes, antioxidant response element, research methods; filters – publication years 2012–2022, publications with full text, publications available for viewing; English-language database of medical and biological publications, created by the National Center for Biotechnology Information (NCBI), keywords – lipid peroxidation, antioxidant protection, antioxidants, antioxidant enzymes, enzyme genes, oxidative stress, metabolism, methods.

Menopausal women with moderate and asymptomatic COVID-19: antioxidant defense system biomarkers

“…The measurements were carried out on a BTS-350 spectrofluorophotometer (Barcelona, Spain) at λ = 600 nm. GSH and GSSG levels (mmol/L) were detected on a spectrofluorophotometer "Fluorate 02-ABFF-T" (Russia) and performed at λ = 350 nm (excitation) and λ = 420 nm (absorption) [18]. GR and GP activities were assayed using "Randox" commercial kits (UK) on a "BTS-330" automatic photometer (Poland).…”

Functional state of glutathione system in menopausal women of the Buryat ethnic group with insomnia

“…Многими исследованиями установлена специфич ность процессов свободнорадикального окисления для разных этнических групп, а как известно, данные процессы являются важнейшим компонентом адап тивных реакций, изменение которых может указывать на срыв адаптационных процессов или на активацию адаптационных возможностей у представителей раз ных этносов [8][9][10][11][12][13]. Этнический аспект течения окис лительных процессов может быть связан с различия ми в деятельности системы антиоксидантной защиты (АОЗ), функционирование которой может быть генети чески детерминировано [14]. Существенный вклад в АОЗ вносит система глутатиона, компоненты которой уча ствуют практически во всех этапах защиты от окисли тельного стресса, при этом однозначных данных о функ ционировании глутатионовой системы у пациентов с инсомнией нет.…”

Functional polymorphisms of oxidative stress and repair genes as biomarkers of the risk of developing breast cancer

“…Reactive oxygen species (ROS) play an important role in the regulation of cellular function, the imbalance of which mechanism leads to the occurrence of oxidative stress. ROS and their ability of free radical oxidation products to damage macromolecules are currently considered an important cause of malignant neoplasms [9].…”