Antioxidant Effect of Nanoemulsions Containing Extract of Achyrocline satureioides (Lam) D.C.—Asteraceae

Abstract

Abstract. Ethanolic extracts of Achyrocline satureioides have pronounced antioxidant activity mainly due to the presence of the flavonoid quercetin. However, direct topical application of the extract is not possible due to the presence of high amounts of ethanol. In this sense, nanoemulsions arise as an alternative for topical formulation associating molecules with limited aqueous solubility. This article describes the development of topical nanoemulsions containing either A. satureioides extract or one of its most abundant flavonoid, quercetin. Nanoemulsions composed of octyldodecanol, egg lecithin, water and extract (NEE), or quercetin (NEQ) were prepared by spontaneous emulsification. This process led to monodisperse nanoemulsions presenting a mean droplet size of approximately 200-300 nm, negative zeta potential, and high association efficiency. A study of quercetin skin retention using porcine skin which was performed using a Franz diffusion cell revealed a higher accumulation of quercetin in skin for NEE when compared to NEQ. Finally, the antioxidant activity of formulations was measured by thiobarbituric acidreactive species and the APPH model. A lower lipoperoxidation for the extract in respect to quercetin solution was observed. However, no difference between NEQ and NEE lipoperoxidation could be seen. The protection against lipoperoxidation by the formulations was also measured in the skin, where lower formation of reactive species was observed after treatment with NEE. In conclusion, this study shows the formulation effect on the physicochemical properties of nanoemulsions as well as on the skin retention and antioxidant activity of quercetin.

Current application of phytocompound-based nanocosmeceuticals for beauty and skin therapy

“…Their bioactive role enhances cosmeceutical value with lower toxicity. [161][162][163][164] Recently, quercetin-rich nanoemulsions, in the size range of 200-300 nm, were prepared from the ethanolic extract of Achyrocline satureioides and showed increased skin retention of bioactive compounds with enhanced antioxidant activities in porcine skin studies. 164 In another study, genistein, a soy bioactive compound, coloaded with tocomin, acts as multiple nanoemulsions with the particle size of 173-208 nm and showed enhanced skin protection from UV damage.…”

“…This preparation had higher skin retention of the phytocompounds with increased skin protecting activity. 164 In another study, quercetin-loaded nanocapsules were constructed with a particle size of 228 nm for sustained delivery of quercetin to the skin to increase antioxidant activity. 315 From these studies, we conclude that quercetin may be used in the preparation of various nanosized cosmeceuticals products with increased …”

ALPHA ANTIADRENERGIC EFFECT OF Achyrocline bogotensis EXTRACT (“Vira Vira”) IN ISOLATED RAT AORTIC RING

“…tory actions (9)(10)(11)(12). Achyrocline species subjected to chemical and biological studies include A. satureioides (13)(14)(15)(16), A. alata (17)(18)(19), A. tomentosa, (20,21) and A. flaccida (22,23). The profile of their biological activities include anti-inflammatory, anti-infective and antioxidant effects related, at least in part, to their polyphenol components.…”

On the use of nanotechnology-based strategies for association of complex matrices from plant extracts

“…Zorzi et al and Bidone et al have proposed water in oil nanoemulsion to associate ethanolic extract from Achyrocline satureioides (Bidone et al, 2014b;Zorzi et al, 2015a). The first study described the development of topical nanoemulsion for the delivery of the antioxidant quercetin whereas the second addressed the topical delivery of 3-O-methylquercetin as topical antiviral against HSV-1 .…”