Antioxidant effects of Panax ginseng C.A. Meyer in healthy subjects: A randomized, placebo-controlled clinical trial

Kim, Hyeong-Geug; Yoo, Sa-ra; Park, Hye-Jung; Lee, Nam-Hun; Shin, Jang-Woo; Sathyanath, Rekha; Cho, Jung‐Hyo; Son, Chang‐Gue

doi:10.1016/j.fct.2011.06.020

Cited by 73 publications

(73 citation statements)

References 43 publications

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“…Daily supplementation of 2 g of ginseng extract to adults with an average weight of 60 kg showed no adverse effect in human clinical trials [54], [55]. Since the ginsenosides content of the extract was 14.5% [54], the daily dose of ginsenosides in these trials was 290 mg. Thus, the dose that we used in our animal studies is achievable in human.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 91%

20(S)-Protopanaxadiol Inhibition of Progression and Growth of Castration-Resistant Prostate Cancer

Cao

Yang

et al. 2014

PLoS ONE

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Castration-resistant progression of prostate cancer after androgen deprivation therapies remains the most critical challenge in the clinical management of prostate cancer. Resurgent androgen receptor (AR) activity is an established driver of castration-resistant progression, and upregulation of the full-length AR (AR-FL) and constitutively-active AR splice variants (AR-Vs) has been implicated to contribute to the resurgent AR activity. We reported previously that ginsenoside 20(S)-protopanaxadiol-aglycone (PPD) can reduce the abundance of both AR-FL and AR-Vs. In the present study, we further showed that the effect of PPD on AR expression and target genes was independent of androgen. PPD treatment resulted in a suppression of ligand-independent AR transactivation. Moreover, PPD delayed castration-resistant regrowth of LNCaP xenograft tumors after androgen deprivation and inhibited the growth of castration-resistant 22Rv1 xenograft tumors with endogenous expression of AR-FL and AR-Vs. This was accompanied by a decline in serum prostate-specific antigen levels as well as a decrease in AR levels and mitoses in the tumors. Notably, the 22Rv1 xenograft tumors were resistant to growth inhibition by the next-generation anti-androgen enzalutamide. The present study represents the first to show the preclinical efficacy of PPD in inhibiting castration-resistant progression and growth of prostate cancer. The findings provide a rationale for further developing PPD or its analogues for prostate cancer therapy.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 91%

20(S)-Protopanaxadiol Inhibition of Progression and Growth of Castration-Resistant Prostate Cancer

Cao

Yang

et al. 2014

PLoS ONE

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“…2004; Kikuzaki and Nakatani 1993; Kim et al. 2011). Both ginseng and ginger may not only have antineoplastic actions through their anti‐inflammatory actions, but also both inhibit MAP kinase activation that plays a role in cancer development (Ueno et al.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Daikenchuto (TU‐100) shapes gut microbiota architecture and increases the production of ginsenoside metabolite compound K

Hasebe

Ueno

Musch

et al. 2016

Pharmacology Res & Perspec

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Many pharmaceutical agents not only require microbial metabolism for increased bioavailability and bioactivity, but also have direct effects on gut microbial assemblage and function. We examined the possibility that these actions are not mutually exclusive and may be mutually reinforcing in ways that enhance long‐term of these agents. Daikenchuto, TU‐100, is a traditional Japanese medicine containing ginseng. Conversion of the ginsenoside Rb1 (Rb1) to bioactive compound K (CK) requires bacterial metabolism. Diet‐incorporated TU‐100 was administered to mice over a period of several weeks. T‐RFLP and 454 pyrosequencing were performed to analyze the time‐dependent effects on fecal microbial membership. Fecal microbial capacity to metabolize Rb1 to CK was measured by adding TU‐100 or ginseng to stool samples to assess the generation of bioactive metabolites. Levels of metabolized TU‐100 components in plasma and in stool samples were measured by LC‐MS/MS. Cecal and stool short‐chain fatty acids were measured by GC‐MS. Dietary administration of TU‐100 for 28 days altered the gut microbiota, increasing several bacteria genera including members of Clostridia and Lactococcus lactis. Progressive capacity of microbiota to convert Rb1 to CK was observed over the 28 days administration of dietary TU‐100. Concomitantly with these changes, increases in all SCFA were observed in cecal contents and in acetate and butyrate content of the stool. Chronic consumption of dietary TU‐100 promotes changes in gut microbiota enhancing metabolic capacity of TU‐100 and increased bioavailability. We believe these findings have broad implications in optimizing the efficacy of natural compounds that depend on microbial bioconversion in general.

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“…Also, it is claimed to be effective in combating stress, fatigue, oxidants, diabetes mellitus, and cancer [5]. Moreover, a randomized, placebo-controlled clinical trial of Panax ginseng has shown its antioxidant effects [6]. In addition, another study concluded that Panax ginseng eases the heart rate, increases lipolysis, reduces plasma lactate concentration, and maintains a good health by reducing stress [7].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Metastatic Colorectal Cancer Treated with Herbal Pharmacopuncture during FOLFIRI Chemotherapy: A Case Report

et al. 2014

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According to the 2008 World Cancer Report by the World Health Organization (WHO), colorectal cancer is one of the leading cancers worldwide. This case study evaluates the effectiveness of Korean medicine treatment, including herbal pharmacopuncture (HP), as a complementary treatment during FOLFIRI chemotherapy. A 73-year-old male who was diagnosed with metastatic colorectal cancer (mCRC) in September 2012 was treated concurrently with HP and FOLFIRI chemotherapy for 4 months. The effectiveness of the combined therapy was evaluated by CT. Furthermore, quality of life was assessed using a visual analogue scale. The tumor mass sizes of lung and lymph node metastases decreased, and the side effects caused by chemotherapy were mitigated. Based on these results, this case report suggests that Korean medicine treatment including HP therapy could be a complementary therapy for mCRC.

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Antioxidant effects of Panax ginseng C.A. Meyer in healthy subjects: A randomized, placebo-controlled clinical trial

Cited by 73 publications

References 43 publications

20(S)-Protopanaxadiol Inhibition of Progression and Growth of Castration-Resistant Prostate Cancer

20(S)-Protopanaxadiol Inhibition of Progression and Growth of Castration-Resistant Prostate Cancer

Daikenchuto (TU‐100) shapes gut microbiota architecture and increases the production of ginsenoside metabolite compound K

Metastatic Colorectal Cancer Treated with Herbal Pharmacopuncture during FOLFIRI Chemotherapy: A Case Report

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