Antioxidant Efficacy of a Standardized Red Orange (Citrus sinensis (L.) Osbeck) Extract in Elderly Subjects: A Randomized, Double Blind, Controlled Study

Abstract

The world population is rapidly aging. This should cause us to reflect on the need to develop a new nutritional approach to mitigate the accumulation of reactive oxygen species (ROS)-induced damage. A randomized, double blind, controlled study was carried out on 60 elderly male and female subjects. Product efficacy was measured before and after 2 and 8 weeks of product intake. The reduced (GSH) and oxidized (GSSG) glutathione concentrations in the erythrocytes and the reactive oxygen metabolites (d-ROMs) hematic concentration were measured to assess the antioxidant efficacy. The tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-α) levels in the serum were measured to assess the anti-inflammatory effectiveness. The wellbeing was assessed by Short Form Health Survey (SF-36) questionnaire (male) and by Menopause Rating Scale (MRS) (female). Blood, urine analysis and electrocardiography (ECG) were carried out to assess the product’s safety. The results showed that GSH/GSSG ratio increased by 22.4% and 89.0% after 2 and 8 weeks of product intake. Serum TNF-α levels decreased by 2.5% after 8 weeks of product intake. The SF-36 QoL and the MRS questionnaire outputs indicate, preliminarily, a positive effect of the extract intake in ameliorating the wellbeing of both male and female subjects. The product was well-tolerated. Our findings suggest that the test product has antioxidant and anti-inflammatory efficacy and has a positive effect on the wellbeing of elderly female and male subjects.

The Chemistry and the Anti-Inflammatory Activity of Polymethoxyflavonoids from Citrus Genus

“…Studies of the bioactivities on humans are limited and they normally concern epidemiological issues and the use of fruit parts or extracts, rather than the pure isolated compounds. Relevant examples of these s kinds of investigations include the prevention of the metabolic syndrome development and the protection against heart failure by the bergamot extract [191,192] and the antioxidant effect of red orange extract in elderly subjects, which ameliorated their wellbeing (tested by SF-36 QoL and the MRS questionnaires) by reducing the TNF-α level and increasing GSH/GSSG ratio after an 8-week intake [193]. Even though these kinds of extracts present a rather complex chemical composition, it is strongly presumable that PMFs and HPMFs can play an important role.…”

Effect of sunkist orange peel nanoparticle granules on cardiac and aorta histopathology in diabetic rats

“…Furthermore, it is a highly dietary source with a high fibre content of various bioactive substances with beneficial effects on human health. 1,3 Flavonoids have various biological effects, such as antioxidant, antitumor, anti-heart and vascular diseases, and anti-inflammatory properties. 4 Sunkist orange peel has pharmacological effects that include hypoglycaemic and hypolipidaemic benefits, antioxidant properties, and improved myocardial energy metabolism and oxidative stress.…”

“…4 Sunkist orange peel has pharmacological effects that include hypoglycaemic and hypolipidaemic benefits, antioxidant properties, and improved myocardial energy metabolism and oxidative stress. 2,3,[5][6][7][8] Consuming 100 mg/day of Sunkist orange reduced TNF-α levels and improved overall oxidative stress. 3 Various natural antidiabetic chemicals and drugs have been transformed into effective nanoparticles for delivery.…”

“…2,3,[5][6][7][8] Consuming 100 mg/day of Sunkist orange reduced TNF-α levels and improved overall oxidative stress. 3 Various natural antidiabetic chemicals and drugs have been transformed into effective nanoparticles for delivery. 9 Nanoparticles offer many advantages for drug delivery applications.…”

“…14 Multiple studies have investigated the pharmacological impacts of Sunkist orange peel on hypoglycemia and hypolipidemia while showcasing antioxidant properties and improving myocardial energy metabolism and oxidative stress. 2,3,[5][6][7][8] However, no existing research has examined the impact of Sunkist orange peel nanoparticle granules on the histopathology of the heart and aorta. As a result, researchers are keen to investigate the effectiveness of sunkist orange peel nanoparticles in effervescent granule form on the histopathological presentation of the heart and aorta in rats with induced diabetes using alloxan.…”