Antioxidant Efficacy of Selected Underutilized Fruit Species Grown in Sri Lanka

Mallawaarachchi, M. A. L. N.; Madhujith, Terrence; Suriyagoda, L. D. B.; Pushpakumara, D. K. N. G.

doi:10.4038/tar.v32i1.8443

Cited by 4 publications

(7 citation statements)

References 19 publications

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“…A fruit's hexane, chloroform, ethyl acetate, ethanol, methanol, and aqueous extracts showed antifungal activity against four species of yeasts (Candida albicans, Candida parapsilosis, Candida krusei, and Cryptococcus neoformans), and two species of filamentous fungi (Aspergillus fumigatus and Trichophyton interdigitale) [66]. In two other studies, the fruit aqueous extract showed significant antioxidant activity [49,50]. In contrast, the methanol extract of the same plant part showed a low antioxidant activity [48].…”

Section: Biological Studiesmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The methanol and aqueous extracts of C. cauliflora fruit showed a TPC of 1868.94 ± 11.68 (mg GAE/100 g edible portion) and of 1.30 ± 0.10 (mg GAE/g dry weight), respectively, [48,49], whereas in another study, the aqueous extract of this species showed TPC 4.6 ± 0.06 mg GAE/g dry weight. The TMAC (total monomeric anthocyanin content) and vitamin C content of C. cauliflora fruit aqueous extract were 8.66 ± 1.68 and 21.8 ± 0.33, respectively [50]. In a recent study, Abeysuriya et al (2020) reported low content of vitamin C (37.9 ± 1.8 mg/100 g fresh weight) from seedless fruit extract of C. cauliflora (extraction solvent: 3% (w/v) meta-phosphoric acid and 8% (v/v) glacial acetic acid) and medium TPC (428.5 ± 1.3 mg GAE/100 g fresh weight) and TFC (26.1 ± 1.0 mg QE (quercetin equivalent)/100 g fresh weight) from MeOH (methanol) extract of the same [51].…”

Section: Chemical Compoundsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The following supporting information can be downloaded at: https: //www.mdpi.com/article/10.3390/plants11243504/s1, Table S1: In vitro and in vivo biological studies reported from the genus Cynometra [15,17,19,[33][34][35]40,[46][47][48][49][50][51][52][53].…”

Section: Supplementary Materialsmentioning

confidence: 99%

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The Genus Cynometra: A Review of Ethnomedicine, Chemical, and Biological Data

Sabiha

Serrano

Hasan

et al. 2022

Plants

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Cynometra L. is a Fabaceae genus that is widely distributed throughout the tropics, consisting of tropical forest trees with ecological and economic importance since they are used as food and herbal medicines by the populations of their natural habitats. Our goal is to provide a review of the research data concerning the potential of this botanical genus as a source of herbal medicines and secondary metabolites that are useful for human health. To that end, scientific databases, including PubMed, Science Direct, ISI Web of Science, Scopus, and Google Scholar, were searched using the following terms: Cynometra, medicine, chemical, biological activity, toxicity, and “AND” as the Boolean connector. Eleven Cynometra species (9.7%) were reported to be used in traditional medicine to treat different ailments. A total of 185 secondary metabolites of various chemical classes, mainly flavonoids and terpenoids, were identified in eight Cynometra species (7.1%). Vitexin was the only flavonoid identified as bioactive in the sequence of bioguided studies on this botanical genus. Ten species (8.8%) were submitted to in vitro and in vivo biological activity assays. The main evaluated activities were in vitro antioxidant, antimicrobial, cytotoxic, and in vivo anti-inflammatory activities, but no human clinical trials or safety data about this genus were found. Cynometra cauliflora and Cynometra ramiflora were the most studied species. The present work confirms the use of Cynometra species as a source of medicinal plants. However, more experimental studies must be conducted to better understand this botanical genus’s usefulness as a source of raw materials for pharmaceutical use.

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Section: Biological Studiesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Chemical Compoundsmentioning

confidence: 99%

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The Genus Cynometra: A Review of Ethnomedicine, Chemical, and Biological Data

Sabiha

Serrano

Hasan

et al. 2022

Plants

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“…extracts of fruit of the same species showed potent antioxidant capacity in both DPPH with an IC50 value of 0.47 ± 0.03 g of dry weight/mL and a FRAP assay with reducing power of 25.07 ± 0.73 µmol Fe 2+ /g dry weight [72].…”

Section: Plant Materialsmentioning

confidence: 92%

Quality Studies on Cynometra iripa Leaf and Bark as Herbal Medicines

Sabiha,

Hasan,

Lima

et al. 2024

Molecules

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Cynometra iripa Kostel. is a Fabaceae species of mangrove used in traditional Ayurvedic medicine for treating inflammatory conditions. The present study aims to establish monographic botanical and chemical quality criteria for C. iripa leaf and bark as herbal substances and to evaluate their in vitro antioxidant potential. Macroscopic and microscopic qualitative and quantitative analyses, chemical LC-UV/DAD-ESI/MS profiling, and the quantification of key chemical classes were performed. Antioxidant activity was evaluated by DPPH and FRAP assays. Macroscopically, the leaf is asymmetrical with an emarginated apex and cuneate base. Microscopically, it shows features such as two-layered adaxial palisade parenchyma, vascular bundles surrounded by 3–6 layers of sclerenchyma, prismatic calcium oxalate crystals (5.89 ± 1.32 μm) along the fibers, paracytic stomata only on the abaxial epidermis (stomatal index–20.15), and non-glandular trichomes only on petiolules. The microscopic features of the bark include a broad cortex with large lignified sclereids, prismatic calcium oxalate crystals (8.24 ± 1.57 μm), and secondary phloem with distinct 2–5 seriated medullary rays without crystals. Chemical profile analysis revealed that phenolic derivatives, mainly condensed tannins and flavonoids, are the main classes identified. A total of 22 marker compounds were tentatively identified in both plant parts. The major compounds identified in the leaf were quercetin-3-O-glucoside and taxifolin pentoside and in the bark were B-type dimeric proanthocyanidins and taxifolin 3-O-rhamnoside. The total phenolics content was higher in the leaf (1521 ± 4.71 mg GAE/g dry weight), while the total flavonoids and condensed tannins content were higher in the bark (82 ± 0.58 mg CE/g and 1021 ± 5.51 mg CCE/g dry weight, respectively). A total of 70% of the hydroethanolic extracts of leaf and bark showed higher antioxidant activity than the ascorbic acid and concentration-dependent scavenging activity in the DPPH assay (IC50 23.95 ± 0.93 and 23.63 ± 1.37 µg/mL, respectively). A positive and statistically significant (p < 0.05) correlation between the phenol content and antioxidant activity was found. The results obtained will provide important clues for the quality control criteria of C. iripa leaf and bark, as well as for the knowledge of their pharmacological potential as possible anti-inflammatory agents with antioxidant activity.

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“…Different clinical and epidemiological studies have shown results associated with the consumption of fruits and vegetables, their multiple health benefits, and the decreased risk of cardiovascular diseases, diabetes, macular degeneration, age-related cataracts, and some cancers [8]. The benefits occur due to nutrients such as dietary fiber and bioactive compounds, vitamins A, B, C, and E, polyphenols such as flavonoids, tocotrienols, alkaloids, saponins, terpenoids, phytosterols, organosulfur compounds, lactones sesquiterpenes, carotenoids, thiocyanate, and selenium [9,10].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Hybrid Fruits for Improving Health—A Comprehensive Review

Cruz,

Coimbra,

Araújo-Lima

et al. 2024

Foods

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Several species of hybrid fruits, such as citrus, grapes, blueberries, apples, tomatoes, and lingonberries among others, have attracted scientific attention in recent years, especially due to their reported antioxidant and anti-inflammatory properties. The bagasse, leaves, bark, and seeds of these hybrid fruits have large amounts of polyphenols, such as flavonoids, which act as potent antioxidants. Several studies have been carried out in cellular models of neurotoxicity of the extract of these fruits, to document the beneficial effects for human health, as well as to prove its antiproliferative effect in cancer cells. In the present review, through a synthesis of existing information in the scientific literature, we demonstrate that hybrid fruits are a source of antioxidant and bioactive compounds, which act in the inhibition of diseases such as cancer, diabetes, and inflammatory and neurodegenerative diseases, and consequently improving human health.

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Antioxidant Efficacy of Selected Underutilized Fruit Species Grown in Sri Lanka

Cited by 4 publications

References 19 publications

The Genus Cynometra: A Review of Ethnomedicine, Chemical, and Biological Data

The Genus Cynometra: A Review of Ethnomedicine, Chemical, and Biological Data

Quality Studies on Cynometra iripa Leaf and Bark as Herbal Medicines

Hybrid Fruits for Improving Health—A Comprehensive Review

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