Antioxidant metabolism of Xenopus laevis embryos during the first days of development

Rizzo, Angela Maria; Adorni, L.; Montorfano, G.; Rossi, Federica; Berra, B.

doi:10.1016/j.cbpb.2006.09.009

Cited by 46 publications

(42 citation statements)

References 52 publications

Supporting

Mentioning

Contrasting

Order By: Relevance

“…This increase in SOD activity may also contribute to prevent oxidative damage after hatching in the more vulnerable, fertilization membrane-lacking embryos. High activities of SOD and CAT are similarly reported at 48 h of development in X. laevis, suggesting that both enzymes are also the prevailing antioxidant defenses in this species [7].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 55%

“…CAT and GPox increase in chicken and lizard during the late incubation period, whereas in frog larvae all the antioxidant enzymes present a high activity before the lung displays an active gas exchange [3]. In Xenopus laevis embryos, GSH-related enzymes increase after hatching in response to air and light exposure [7]. There is also an emerging risk of exposure to environmental contaminants for aquatic species after hatching.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The antioxidant systems have a preponderant role in the regulation of free-radical and peroxide levels during the embryonic development, as demonstrated in many species [1][2][3][4][5][6][7]. Species normally exposed to prooxidant conditions during their life cycles have the ability to rapidly increase their antioxidant efficiency as an adaptive response [8,9].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

See 2 more Smart Citations

Changes in the antioxidant metabolism in the embryonic development of the common South American toad Bufo arenarum: Differential responses to pesticide in early embryos and autonomous‐feeding larvae

Ferrari

Anguiano

Lascano

et al. 2008

J Biochem & Molecular Tox

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Amphibians may be critically challenged by aquatic contaminants during their embryonic development. Many classes of compounds, including organophosphorus pesticides, are able to cause oxidative stress that affects the delicate cellular redox balance regulating tissue modeling. We determined the progression of antioxidant defenses during the embryonic development of the South American common toad, Bufo arenarum. Superoxide dismutase (SOD) and catalase (CAT) activities were high in the unfertilized eggs, and remained constant during the first stages of development. SOD showed a significant increase when the gills were completely active and opercular folds began to form. Reductase (GR) activity was low in the oocytes and increased significantly when gills and mouth were entirely developed and the embryos presented a higher exposure to pro-oxidant conditions suggesting an environmental control. Reduced glutathione (GSH) content was also initially low, and rose continuously pointing out an increasing participation of GSH-related enzymes in the control of oxidative stress. GSH peroxidases and GSH-S-transferases showed relatively high and constant activities, probably related to lipid peroxide control. B. arenarum embryos have plenty of yolk platelets containing lipids, which provide the energy and are actively transferred to the newly synthesized membranes during the early embryonic development. Exposure to the pro-oxidant pesticide malathion during 48 h did not significantly affect the activity of antioxidant enzymes in early embryos, but decreased the activities of CAT, GR, and the pool of GSH in larvae. Previous work indicated that lipid peroxide levels were kept low in malathion-exposed larvae, thus we conclude that oxidative stress is overcome by the antioxidant defenses. The increase in the antioxidant metabolism observed in the posthatching phase of development of B. arenarum embryo, thus constitutes a defense against natural and human-generated pro-oxidants present in the aquatic environment.

show abstract

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 55%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

See 1 more Smart Citation

Changes in the antioxidant metabolism in the embryonic development of the common South American toad Bufo arenarum: Differential responses to pesticide in early embryos and autonomous‐feeding larvae

Ferrari

Anguiano

Lascano

et al. 2008

J Biochem & Molecular Tox

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…Xenopus laevis is a well-known amphibian species that has adapted well to laboratory conditions (Prati et al, 2000). The embryos and tadpoles of X. laevis are important models that have been used in assessing the toxicity of compounds in embryonic development (Rizzo et al, 2007;Güngördü et al, 2013;Pekmezekmek et al, 2013).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effect of nanosized TiO2 particles on the development of Xenopus laevis embryos

Birhanli¹,

Emre

Sayılkan³

et al. 2014

Turk J Biol

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

This paper reports the toxic properties of nano-TiO 2 on 2 different early life stages of Xenopus laevis. Synthesis of nano-TiO 2 particles was carried out by the hydrothermal method. Characterization of nanoparticles was performed using spectral techniques including X-ray diffraction, scanning electron microscopy, and a particle-size analyzer. Embryos at the 8th stage and tadpoles at the 46th stage were exposed to 7 concentrations of nano-TiO 2 in the range of 5 to 320 ppm. After 96 h of exposure, the mortality percentage of each exposure concentration was calculated and the activity of enzyme biomarkers acetylcholinesterase, carboxylesterase, glutathione S-transferase, glutathione reductase, lactate dehydrogenase, and aspartate aminotransferase were determined in living embryos and tadpoles. None of the tested concentrations of TiO 2 caused statistically significant mortality or malformation (only for the embryo test) as compared to the control groups. Furthermore, we did not observe any significant changes in enzyme activities in tadpole samples from the 46th stage, although some minor changes not related to the concentrations were observed in embryos.

show abstract

“…Periods of oxidative stress may result either from nonlinear relationships between physiological traits and temperature (Ruel and Ayres, 1999) or from exposure to extreme temperatures. Additionally, ontogenic studies suggest that maturation of the antioxidant system is not completed until early in adulthood and enzymatic antioxidant activity is often lacking until the very end of embryonic development (Khan and Black, 2003;Barata et al, 2005;Fontagné et al, 2008;Rizzo et al, 2007). Thus, during early development, individuals have reduced defenses against oxidative stress and are potentially reliant on dietary antioxidants available in the yolk, including carotenoids, vitamin E and vitamin A (Thompson et al, 1999;Speake et al, 2001;Surai et al, 2001;Dierenfeld et al, 2002;Weiss et al, 2011).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Temperature experienced during incubation affects antioxidant capacity but not oxidative damage in hatchling red-eared slider turtles (Trachemys scripta elegans)

Treidel

Carter

Bowden

2015

Journal of Experimental Biology

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Our understanding of how oxidative stress resistance phenotypes are affected by the developmental environment is limited. One component of the developmental environment, which is likely central to early life oxidative stress among ectothermic and oviparous species, is that of temperature. We investigated how incubation temperature manipulations affect oxidative damage and total antioxidant capacity (TAC) in red-eared slider turtle (Trachemys scripta elegans) hatchlings. First, to determine whether temperature fluctuations elicit oxidative stress, eggs from clutches were randomly assigned to either a constant (29.5°C) or daily fluctuating temperature incubation (28.7±3°C) treatment. Second, to assess the effect of temperature fluctuation frequency on oxidative stress, eggs were incubated in one of three fluctuating incubation regimes: 28.7±3°C fluctuations every 12 h (hyper), 24 h (normal) or 48 h (hypo). Third, we tested the influence of average incubation temperature by incubating eggs in a daily fluctuating incubation temperature regime with a mean temperature of 26.5°C (low), 27.1°C (medium) or 27.7°C (high). Although the accumulation of oxidative damage in hatchlings was unaffected by any thermal manipulation, TAC was affected by both temperature fluctuation frequency and average incubation temperature. Individuals incubated with a low frequency of temperature fluctuations had reduced TAC, while incubation at a lower average temperature was associated with enhanced TAC. These results indicate that although sufficient to prevent oxidative damage, TAC is influenced by developmental thermal environments, potentially because of temperature-mediated changes in metabolic rate. The observed differences in TAC may have important future consequences for hatchling fitness and overwinter survival.

show abstract

Antioxidant metabolism of Xenopus laevis embryos during the first days of development

Cited by 46 publications

References 52 publications

Changes in the antioxidant metabolism in the embryonic development of the common South American toad Bufo arenarum: Differential responses to pesticide in early embryos and autonomous‐feeding larvae

Changes in the antioxidant metabolism in the embryonic development of the common South American toad Bufo arenarum: Differential responses to pesticide in early embryos and autonomous‐feeding larvae

Effect of nanosized TiO2 particles on the development of Xenopus laevis embryos

Temperature experienced during incubation affects antioxidant capacity but not oxidative damage in hatchling red-eared slider turtles (Trachemys scripta elegans)

Contact Info

Product

Resources

About