Antioxidant peptides, the guardian of life from oxidative stress

Abstract

Reactive oxygen species (ROS) are produced during oxidative metabolism in aerobic organisms. Under normal conditions, ROS production and elimination are in a relatively balanced state. However, under internal or external environmental stress, such as high glucose levels or UV radiation, ROS production can increase significantly, leading to oxidative stress. Excess ROS production not only damages biomolecules but is also closely associated with the pathogenesis of many diseases, such as skin photoaging, diabetes, and cancer. Antioxidant peptides (AOPs) are naturally occurring or artificially designed peptides that can reduce the levels of ROS and other pro‐oxidants, thus showing great potential in the treatment of oxidative stress‐related diseases. In this review, we discussed ROS production and its role in inducing oxidative stress‐related diseases in humans. Additionally, we discussed the sources, mechanism of action, and evaluation methods of AOPs and provided directions for future studies on AOPs.

In vitro and in vivo antioxidant therapeutic evaluation of phytochemicals from different parts of Dodonaea viscosa Jacq

“…It is primarily concerned with the removal of free radical species such as hydrogen peroxide, superoxide radicals, and alkoxy radicals. It also maintains the membrane protein thiol and works as a substrate for glutathione peroxidase and GST (Prakash et al, 2001;Zhu et al, 2023). Our results showed that the extract caused an increase in GSH levels compared to the negative control group.…”

Transplantation of exogenous mitochondria mitigates myocardial dysfunction after cardiac arrest

“…ROS is generated with ischemia and then targets the normal physiologic functions of cells by damaging the structures of proteins, lipids, and even DNA ( Zhu, et al, 2024 ). As well, oxidative stress promotes cardiac ischemia-reperfusion injury and was implicated in pro-inflammatory responses and apoptosis, both of which worsen myocardial cell injury ( Patel and Karch, 2020 ).…”

Preparation, Biological Activities, and Potential Applications of Hen Egg-Derived Peptides: A Review

“…Reactive oxygen species (ROS) and free radicals are beneficial byproducts to human health. However, an excess of ROS and free radicals can cause serious oxidative damage to a cell’s structure or function, which can contribute to the onset of a number of diseases, including diabetes, aging, and neurodegenerative illnesses [ 102 , 103 ]. Hydrolyzed peptides from egg proteins are believed to be potent antioxidants that can either scavenge reactive oxygen species (ROS) or stop ROS from being produced [ 104 ].…”