Antioxidant profile of salivary glands in high fat diet‐induced insulin resistance rats

Zalewska, Anna; Knaś, Małgorzata; Żendzian-Piotrowska, Małgorzata; Waszkiewicz, Napoleon; Szulimowska, Julita; Prokopiuk, Sławomir; Waszkiel, Danuta; Car, Halina

doi:10.1111/odi.12173

Cited by 37 publications

(44 citation statements)

References 19 publications

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“…After 8 weeks of the study we observed a 30% increase in body weight, a nearly 100% increase in insulin content, and a 70% increase in the concentration of glucose. We also noted that HFD led to IR, as confirmed by 200% increase in HOMA-IR, which is consistent with our results as well as those of other researchers [6,16,19,42,43].…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 93%

“…A negative correlation between the activity of caspase 3, concentration of mitochondrial proteins, and peroxidase activity may suggest that apoptotic death of submandibular gland cells is so severe that leads to impairment of their function, as observed earlier by de la Cal et al [50]. It is noteworthy that peroxidase is the only protein produced exclusively in salivary glands and is a determinant of their secretory function [19].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 76%

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High-Fat Diet Affects Ceramide Content, Disturbs Mitochondrial Redox Balance, and Induces Apoptosis in the Submandibular Glands of Mice

et al. 2019

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This is the first study to investigate the relationship between ceramides, the mitochondrial respiratory system, oxidative stress, inflammation, and apoptosis in the submandibular gland mitochondria of mice with insulin resistance (IR). The experiment was conducted on 20 male C57BL/6 mice divided into two equal groups: animals fed a high-fat diet (HFD; 60 kcal% fat) and animals fed a standard diet (10 kcal% fat). We have shown that feeding mice HFD induces systemic IR. We noticed that HFD feeding was accompanied by a significant increase in ceramide production (C18 1Cer, C18 Cer, C22 Cer, C24 1Cer, C24 Cer), higher activity of pro-oxidant enzymes (NADPH oxidase and xanthine oxidase), and weakened functioning of mitochondrial complexes in the submandibular glands of IR mice. In this group, we also observed a decrease in catalase and peroxidase activities, glutathione concentration, redox status, increased concentration of protein (advanced glycation end products, advanced oxidation protein products) and lipid (malondialdehyde, lipid hydroperoxide) peroxidation products, and enhanced production of tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNFα) and interleukin 2 (IL-2) as well as pro-apoptotic Bax in the submandibular gland mitochondria. In summary, HFD impairs salivary redox homeostasis and is responsible for enhanced oxidative damage and apoptosis in the submandibular gland mitochondria. The accumulation of some ceramides could boost free radical formation by affecting pro-oxidant enzymes and the mitochondrial respiratory chain.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 93%

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 76%

High-Fat Diet Affects Ceramide Content, Disturbs Mitochondrial Redox Balance, and Induces Apoptosis in the Submandibular Glands of Mice

et al. 2019

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“…All variables were expressed as total value/specific activity (ratio of specific protein to total protein). A reason of such results presentation was explained in the previous studies .…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 73%

Salivary: flow and proteins of the innate and adaptive immunity in the limited and diffused systemic sclerosis

Knaś

Zalewska

Waszkiewicz

et al. 2014

J Oral Pathology Medicine

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Systemic sclerosis regardless of its subset affects salivary defense system of human unstimulated and stimulated saliva. Patients with the limited form experience the same impairment of the submandibular glands function as compared with patients with the diffused form. Only patients with the diffused form are deficient in respect of stimulated saliva secretion; the parotid glands of the patients with the limited form have a good secretory capacity in comparison with the healthy control.

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“…In rats with insulin resistance, the parotid glands have been reported to react differently from the submandibular ones, because the former seemed to be more affected despite being the main sources of antioxidants. 37 Regarding the second point, genetic susceptibility may play a role in a subset of T2D patients, so that they would be prone to developing multiple oncocytic cysts. In keeping with this idea, the occurrence of diabetic nephropathy has been related to several GLUT1 single-nucleotide polymorphisms.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Bilateral multiple oncocytic cysts of the parotid gland in type 2 diabetes patients

Soares

Carlos²,

Mota

et al. 2020

Histopathology

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Aims The hallmarks of type 2 diabetes (T2D) are hyperglycaemia and insulin resistance. These factors, at the cellular level, are associated with mitochondrial dysfunction and increased glucose uptake. Such events are poorly explored in the context of the salivary glands. In this study, we present a series of eight cases of a distinct salivary gland lesion characterised by multiple oncocytic cysts, and we provide new pathological insights regarding its pathogenesis. Methods and results Seven patients (87.5%) had confirmed T2D, and obesity was identified in five (62.5%) patients. Clinically, the patients showed bilateral parotid gland swelling with recurrent episodes of pain and enlargement. Imaging examination revealed multiple cystic lesions in both parotid glands. Microscopically, the parotid glands showed multiple cysts of different sizes, lined by oncocytic epithelial cells. Intraluminally, strongly eosinophilic glass‐like crystalloid material was observed. Immunohistochemical studies were performed, and the most notable finding was glucose transporter 1 (GLUT1) overexpression in the oncocytic cysts which is not observed in any other oncocytic lesion of patients without T2D. In addition, high expressions of mitochondrial antigen, fission 1 protein and mitofusin‐2 were observed in the oncocytic epithelium of the cysts. Furthermore, most of the oncocytic cysts showed a pattern of cytokeratin expression consistent with striated ducts. Conclusions These results strongly suggest that T2D is associated with alterations in GLUT1 expression in the cells of striated ducts with mitochondrial dysfunction, causing a hyperplastic process characterised by multiple oncocytic cysts. For this lesion, the designation of ‘diabetes‐associated–bilateral multiple oncocytic cysts of the parotid gland’ is proposed.

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Antioxidant profile of salivary glands in high fat diet‐induced insulin resistance rats

Abstract: Parotid and submandibular glands of rats react differently when exposed to insulin resistance condition; however, the parotid glands seem to be more affected. The main source of antioxidants is parotid glands of rats.

Cited by 37 publications

References 19 publications

High-Fat Diet Affects Ceramide Content, Disturbs Mitochondrial Redox Balance, and Induces Apoptosis in the Submandibular Glands of Mice

High-Fat Diet Affects Ceramide Content, Disturbs Mitochondrial Redox Balance, and Induces Apoptosis in the Submandibular Glands of Mice

Salivary: flow and proteins of the innate and adaptive immunity in the limited and diffused systemic sclerosis

Bilateral multiple oncocytic cysts of the parotid gland in type 2 diabetes patients

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