Antioxidant Properties of Royal Jelly Associated with Larval Age and Time of Harvest

Abstract

This study aimed to evaluate the antioxidant properties of royal jelly (RJ) collected from larvae of different ages that were transferred in artificial bee queen cells for 24, 48, and 72 h. RJ harvested from the 1 day old larvae 24 h after the graft displayed predominant antioxidant properties, including scavenging activity of 1,1-diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) radicals, inhibition of linoleic acid peroxidation, and reducing power. Regardless of the initial larval age, lower antioxidant activities were observed in the RJ harvested later than 24 h except for the activity of superoxide dismutase. In addition, higher contents of proteins and polyphenolic compounds were determined in the RJ harvested 24 h than that harvested 48 or 72 h after the graft. It implied that the polyphenolic compounds may be the major component for giving the antioxidant activities in RJ. In summary, the time of harvest and the initial larval age did affect the antioxidant potencies in RJ, and RJ collected 24 h after the larval transfer showed the most substantial antioxidant activities.

Quality Parameters Needed for Bee Products Used in Apitherapy

“…Honey is expected to have the smallest quantity of polyphenols, because its main chemical composition is simple sugars and water. Propolis and bee pollen have the highest amount of flavonoids from the measured bee products, which is in accordance with literature data and own observations (Liu et al, 2008;Mărghitaş et al, 2009;Mărgăoan et al, 2014). The main phenolic compounds identified in honey and propolis samples were from the class of phenolic acids and flavonoids.…”

“…Royal jelly's authenticity parameter (10-hydroxydecenoid acid -10-HDA) was determined by HPLC with PDA detection (Liu et al, 2008).…”

Chemical Composition of Royal Jelly and Effects of Synbiotic with Two Different Locally Isolated Probiotic Strains on Antioxidant Activities

“…These quantities of phenolic compounds were very similar to that found by Nagai & Inoue [2004] which is 21.2 μg/mg of RJ. The total phenolic contents of 219.2 μg/g, were found in royal jelly obtained from Taiwan collected 24 h after grafting, while the total phenolic contents of royal jelly collected after 48 and 72 h was 194.4 μg/g and 131.7 μg/g, respectively [Liu et al, 2008].…”

“…The variation of the total phenolic contents is attributed to several factors such as climate and fl oral source. The phenolic compounds of royal jelly could originate from plants where they are widely distributed in nature [Bravo, 1998;Wongchai & Ratanavalachai, 2002;Liu et al, 2008]. The main groups of phenolic compounds present in plants, whether in free form or as glucosides, are derivatives of cinnamic acid, coumarins, and fl avonoids [Manthey & Grohmann, 2001].…”

Comparative Study on Quality Parameters of Royal Jelly, Apilarnil and Queen Bee Larvae Triturate

“…The 10-hydroxy-2-decenoic acid (10-HDA) content was analyzed by HPLC-PDA using the modified method of Liu et al (2008). A mixture of ultrapure water and methanol of pH 2.5 was used as mobile phase.…”