Antioxidant property of leaves and calluses extracts of in-vitro grown 5 different Ocimum species

Abstract

In this study, the antioxidant property of leaf and callus extracts of five selected in vitro grown Ocimum species (Ocimum sanctum, Ocimum kilimandscharicum, Ocimum gratissimum, Ocimum basilicum, and Ocimum americanum) and their respective callus extracts was investigated. The callus cultures were successfully initiated on Murashige and Skoog (MS) medium supplemented with 2,4-dichlorophenoxy acetic acid (2,4-D) (1 mg･L) combined with different concentrations (0.1-0.4 mg･L) of kinetin as plant growth regulators. Total phenolic contents were estimated using the Folin-Ciocalteu reagent. 1,1-diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) radical scavenging, ferric reducing antioxidant power, Fe 2+ chelating activity, and β-carotenelinoleic acid bleaching assays were used to determine the biological effects of the extracts. Interestingly, all the callus extracts exhibited significant (p<0.05) increase in phenolic contents and antioxidant activity. Furthermore, a liner correlation was obtained between the total phenolic contents and free radical scavenging activity (R 2 = 0.783). The extracts of leaves and calluses of Ocimum species exhibited activity in all the in vitro antioxidant assays, but its extent was less potent that the positive controls butylated hydroxyl anisole (BHA) and ascorbic acid. A higher accumulation of phenolics in the callus extracts suggests that isolation of high-concentration materials with antioxidant activivity is possible from in vitro callus cultures rather than field-grown plant organs. Furthermore, these extracts may be used as an effective preservative in the food industry.

Phytochemical and Pharmacological Evaluation of the Residue By-Product Developed from the Ocimum americanum (Lamiaceae) Postdistillation Waste

“…The spectrophotometric estimation of TPC showed a moderate amount (106.31 ± 1.97 mg GAE/g) in the studied ODE. This value was similar or higher to those found in the different Nepetoideae representatives [ 18 , 21 , 25 , 26 ]. Such environmental factors as plant growing conditions (type of soil, climate, rainfall, exposure to stressors) as well as extraction methods or solvents chosen for analysis have major effects on TPC [ 26 , 27 , 28 ].…”

“…This value was similar or higher to those found in the different Nepetoideae representatives [ 18 , 21 , 25 , 26 ]. Such environmental factors as plant growing conditions (type of soil, climate, rainfall, exposure to stressors) as well as extraction methods or solvents chosen for analysis have major effects on TPC [ 26 , 27 , 28 ]. The TPC calculated as tannic acid equivalent in the Ocimum americanum leaves cultivated in South-Western Nigeria was in the range of 57.76–94.0 mg GAE/g depending on the chosen solvent [ 9 ].…”

Shoot Multiplication and Callus Induction of Labisia pumila var. alata as Influenced by Different Plant Growth Regulators Treatments and Its Polyphenolic Activities Compared with the Wild Plant

“…In contrast to wild-grown plants, the callus extract in methanol solvent had the highest phenol content [ 55 ]. The higher phenolic content in callus extracts suggests that in vitro callus cultures, rather than field-grown plant organs, may produce high-concentration bioactive compounds with antioxidant activity [ 56 ]. The total flavonoid content results also recorded the same pattern of the total phenolic content, except for the total flavonoid content of in vitro plantlets, which not significantly different from the wild plant extracts.…”

“…Callus cultures are usually favored over intact plants for secondary metabolite development because callus in vitro growth is not affected by seasonal or climatic conditions, allowing it to be accessible all year [ 28 ]. Though intact plant organs produce secondary metabolites, cultures of undifferentiated cells (calli) are a rich source of a wide range of secondary metabolites [ 56 , 58 ]. The superiority of callus in producing the highest antioxidant activity compared to other sources of the extract is due to its totipotency and plant growth hormone treatment (55) and most likely due to a lack of morphological differentiation in callus cultures, which is often necessary for higher secondary metabolite development [ 59 ].…”

An efficient protocol for mass multiplication of Centella asiatica (L.) Urban and determination of its phenolic content

“…Callus culture has been mostly used for secondary metabolites production against the intact plants. Several researchers have been reported secondary metabolite production through the in vitro culture in various medicinal plants [31][32][33].…”