Antioxidant-rich Tamarindus indica L. leaf extract reduced high-fat diet-induced obesity in rat through modulation of gene expression

Abstract

Background Different parts of the medicinal plant Tamarindus indica L. are full of phytochemicals that are able to reduce elevated blood pressure, blood sugar and lipids. These pharmacological effects are due to the presence of antioxidant type compounds in those parts of the plant. This study was aimed to explore the molecular mechanism of anti-obesity effects of ethanolic extract of T. indica L. leaves (TILE) through the evaluation of biochemical parameters and gene expression analysis in high-fat diet (HFD) consuming Wistar rats. Methods Male Wistar rats were supplied with a standard diet (SD), or HFD, or HFD with 100 mg/kg or 200 mg/kg or 400 mg/kg TILE for 8 weeks. The body weight, liver weight, fat weight, plasma lipids, and oxidative stress-related parameters were measured. The transcript levels of different adipogenesis related transcription factors, lipogenic enzymes, and lipolytic enzymes were also evaluated by quantitative real-time PCR. Result Phytochemical analysis demonstrated that TILE is enriched with a substantial level of polyphenols (287.20 ± 9.21 mg GAE/g extract) and flavonoids (107.52 ± 11.12 mg QE/g extract) which might be the reason of significant antioxidant and radical scavenging activities. Feeding of TILE (400 mg/kg/day) to HFD-fed rats increased activity of superoxide dismutase and catalase which is reflected as a significant reduction of oxidative stress markers like nitric oxide and malondialdehyde. TILE (400 mg/kg/day) feeding also down-regulated the mRNA levels of proadipogenic transcription factors including liver X receptor alpha (LXRα), peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma (PPARγ), and sterol regulatory element-binding protein 1c (SREBP1c) in diet-induced obese rats. As a consequence of this, the mRNA level of lipogenic enzymes like acetyl-CoA carboxylase (ACC), fatty acid synthase (FAS), diacylglycerol acyltransferase (DGAT), and HMG-CoA reductase was down-regulated with a parallel up-regulation of the transcript level of lipolytic enzyme, hormone-sensitive lipase (HSL). Conclusion Observations from this study indicate that antioxidant-rich TILE can reduce HFD-induced body weight, fat weight and liver weight as well as blood lipids through down-regulating the gene expression of proadipogenic transcription factors and lipogenic enzymes with a concerted diminution of the gene expression of lipolytic enzyme, HSL.

Anti-Obesity Actions of Two Separated Aqueous Extracts From Arbutus (Arbutus unedo) and Hawthorn (Crataegus monogyna) Fruits Against High-Fat Diet in Rats via Potent Antioxidant Target

“…It has been showed that it is a medical status with fat overproduction associated with a usual oxidative stress and low intensity inflammation that lead to systemic alterations in the body. 41,42 For this, it was important to figure out the antioxidant activity in the obesity-related study because of the strong relationship between obesity and oxidative stress. In this context, the in vitro radical-scavenging capabilities show that AUAE and CMAE exhibit potent antioxidant activities.…”

Potensi Fitoestrogen Semanggi Merah Sebagai Nutraceutical untuk Mengatasi Sindrom Menopause

“…Reseptor PPARγ banyak diekspresikan pada jaringan white adipose tissue (WAT) dan brown adipose tissue (BAT). Sehingga PPARℽ merupakan salah satu penanda WAT selain C/EBPα dan FABP4 yang berkaitan dengan metabolisme hingga biosintesis asam lemak, Trigliserida, kolesterol serta pengaturan reseptor insulin [41].…”

Potensi dan Mekanisme Kerja Berbagai Tanaman Herbal dalam Membantu Mengatasi Obesitas

“…SREBP-1 juga ditemukan sebagai regulator transkripsi penting yang terlibat dalam adipogenesis. Interaksi pengaturan antara SREBP-1 dan PPARγ/C/EBPα dapat mengkoordinasikan diferensiasi preadiposit penuh menjadi adiposit, serta menginduksi ekspresi gen FABP4, ACC, FAS, HMG-CoA reduktase dan LPL yang terkait dengan metabolisme sampai biosintesis asam lemak, TG, kolesterol secara de novo serta pengaturan reseptor insulin [15], [18]. Secara bersama-sama, penghambatan adipogenesis dengan memodulasi aksi bersama gen spesifik adiposit (PPARγ, C/EBPα, SREBP-1, FAS, FABP4, dan LPL) diharapkan memberikan strategi kunci untuk mengendalikan obesitas [16], [19].…”

“…T. indica menurunkan ekspresi gen PPARℽ, C/EBPα, dan SREBP-1c sama seperti T. fuciformis [47]. Selain itu senyawa polifenol yang terdapat pada tanaman ini mampu bekerja sebagai antioksidan selain mampu menekan akumulasi lipid dan peningkatan berat badan [18]. B. scorzenifolium mampu menurunkan ekspresi FASN, SREBP-1c sedangkan meningkatkan ATGL pada hewan uji.…”