Antioxidant, Transcriptome and the Metabolome Response to Dietary Astaxanthin in Exopalaemon carinicauda

Abstract

Astaxanthin (Axn), a feed additive, is becoming increasingly important for modulating the metabolism, growth, development, and reproduction of aquatic organisms in aquaculture. In this study, Exopalaemon carinicauda (E. carinicauda) is an economically important fishery species in China that has been found to exhibit increased body weight following Axn feeding as compared to a standard diet. The antioxidant, transcriptomic, and metabolomic analyses of the response of E. carinicauda after Axn feeding were investigated. Axn could reduce the content of malondialdehyde and increase the activities of various antioxidant enzymes, which also proved that axn can improve the antioxidant capacity Transcriptomic analysis suggested that synthesis and secretion of immune proteins, cytoskeleton structure, and apoptosis signaling were altered after Axn feeding. The metabolic response to axn mainly includes the up regulation of different amino acids and the change of unsaturated fatty acids. Combined transcriptomic and metabolomic data indicated that amino acid metabolic pathways were upregulated in the muscles after Axn feeding. For good measure, energy metabolism pathways were upregulated in the muscles to improve ATP and unsaturated fatty acid production. This study provides key information to increase our understanding of the effects of Axn in shrimp.

Integrative Application of Transcriptomics and Metabolomics Provides Insights into Unsynchronized Growth in Sea Cucumber (Stichopus monotuberculatus)

“…It has been well confirmed that HUFAs can significantly affect fundamental membrane properties such as acyl chain order, fluidity, elastic compressibility, phase behavior and permeability [ 35 , 36 ] and play a beneficial role in stabilizing dynamic membranes [ 37 ], membrane organization and cell division [ 38 ]. Metabolomic analysis in the present study showed significantly lower levels of DHA and EPA in the SMF group compared with the SMS group, which is consistent with the result found in ridgetail white prawn ( Exopalaemon carinicauda ) [ 39 ] and Pacific white shrimp ( Litopenaeus vannamei ) [ 40 ]. Acyl-CoA Oxidase (Acox) is a key enzyme involved in the β-oxidation of fatty acids [ 41 ].…”

“…On the other hand, we found significantly higher levels of LysoPC in the SMS group than in the SMF group. Lecithin (PC), cephalexin (PE) and phosphatidylserine (PS) are all phosphoglycerides, which are important components of cell membranes and are the basis of cellular metabolism, energy metabolism and signal transmission [ 39 ]. Lysophospholipids are a class of biologically active signaling lipids produced by phospholipase-mediated hydrolysis of membrane phospholipids (PLs) and sphingolipids (SLs) [ 66 ].…”

Frontiers in metabolic physiology grand challenges

“…A rapidly evolving area in metabolism is evaluation of genetics and bioactive metabolites using single cell and tissue omics approaches. Frontiers in Metabolic Physiology has already published findings using omic approaches ( Hao et al, 2022 ; Li et al, 2022 ; McRae et al, 2022 ). The ability to handle and analyze this data in a manner that allows for clinical translation will be critical.…”