Antioxidant use in nutraceuticals

Cornelli, Umberto

doi:10.1016/j.clindermatol.2008.01.010

Cited by 113 publications

(75 citation statements)

References 78 publications

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“…ROS, such as O 2 -, OH -and H 2 O 2 , are highly genotoxic/ mutagenic and harmful to cellular macromolecules such as DNA, proteins and lipids [2] . The adverse effect is represented by the oxidative stress that can arise from a lack of antioxidant defence or by an increase of oxidative processes in the body [3] . ROS produced in cells, largely as by-products of metabolic processes, constantly threaten the integrity and correct functioning of cellular DNA.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Evaluation of antigenotoxic effects of carotenoids from green algae Chlorococcum humicola using human lymphocytes

Bhagavathy

Sumathi²

2012

Asian Pacific Journal of Tropical Biomedicine

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Evaluation of antigenotoxic effects of carotenoids from green algae Chlorococcum humicola using human lymphocytes

Bhagavathy

Sumathi²

2012

Asian Pacific Journal of Tropical Biomedicine

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“…Antioxidant supplementation has been shown to be an effective countermeasure to combat oxidative stress in a wide variety of tissue types and conditions (9,36), and it is speculated that this might be an approach to reduce muscle wasting associated with both disuse (43) and aging (9). Resveratrol (3,5,4,trihydroxystilbene) is a naturally occurring polyphenol found in more than 70 plant species, including grapes, peanuts, and mulberries (7).…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Mediation of endogenous antioxidant enzymes and apoptotic signaling by resveratrol following muscle disuse in the gastrocnemius muscles of young and old rats

Jackson

Ryan

Hao

2010

American Journal of Physiology-Regulatory, Integrative and Comp

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. Mediation of endogenous antioxidant enzymes and apoptotic signaling by resveratrol following muscle disuse in the gastrocnemius muscles of young and old rats. Am J Physiol Regul Integr Comp Physiol 299: R1572-R1581, 2010. First published September 22, 2010 doi:10.1152/ajpregu.00489.2010.-Hindlimb suspension (HLS) elicits muscle atrophy, oxidative stress, and apoptosis in skeletal muscle. Increases in oxidative stress can have detrimental effects on muscle mass and function, and it can potentially lead to myonuclear apoptosis. Resveratrol is a naturally occurring polyphenol possessing both antioxidant and antiaging properties. To analyze the capacity of resveratrol to attenuate oxidative stress, apoptosis and muscle force loss were measured following 14 days of HLS. Young (6 mo) and old (34 mo) rats were administered either 12.5 mg·kg Ϫ1 ·day Ϫ1 of trans-resveratrol, or 0.1% carboxymethylcellulose for 21 days, including 14 days of HLS. HLS induced a significant decrease in plantarflexor isometric force, but resveratrol blunted this loss in old animals. Resveratrol increased gastrocnemius catalase activity, MnSOD activity, and MnSOD protein content following HLS. Resveratrol reduced hydrogen peroxide and lipid peroxidation levels in muscles from old animals after HLS. Caspase 9 abundance was reduced and Bcl-2 was increased, but other apoptotic markers were not affected by resveratrol in the gastrocnemius muscle after HLS. The data indicate that resveratrol has a protective effect against oxidative stress and muscle force loss in old HLS animals; however, resveratrol was unable to attenuate apoptosis following HLS. These results suggest that resveratrol has the potential to be an effective therapeutic agent to treat muscle functional decrements via improving the redox status associated with disuse. oxidative stress; apoptosis; hindlimb suspension; aging BOTH ADVANCED AGE AND SKELETAL muscle disuse are associated with atrophy and an increased production of reactive oxygen species (ROS) in skeletal muscle (30), leading to an augmented oxidant load. Oxidative stress occurs when an increase in oxidant production exceeds an organisms' capacity to buffer them, via a complex coordination of the endogenous antioxidant defense system. During extended periods of oxidative stress, there is an eventual loss of cellular integrity mitigated by the oxidation of lipids (32), proteins (29), and nucleic acids (21), promoting a cycle of increased oxidant production. This results in elevated levels of oxidative damage, which limits both the cellular repair system and the enzymatic antioxidant defense system (16). The exact mechanisms by which oxidative stress acts as a potentiator of muscle atrophy are largely unknown; however, several links between oxidative stress and atrophy have been postulated (35).Oxidative stress is upstream of apoptotic signaling in muscle cells in vitro (49), and results in the initiation of the intrinsic mitochondrial apoptotic pathway. Of particular interest in the current study was to determine whether...

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“…As immobilisation is associated with local inflammation and oxidative stress, it may be postulated that these phenomena lead to an increased anabolism threshold, translating into the anabolic resistance of skeletal muscle to food intake. Antioxidant supplementation has been shown to be an effective countermeasure to fight oxidative stress in a wide variety of tissue types and conditions (110,175) , and it is speculated that this might be an efficient approach to reduce muscle wasting associated with muscle disuse (176) . Similar results have been obtained with antiinflammatory compounds (136) that improve muscle mass maintenance under atrophying conditions.…”

Section: Nutritional Interventions To Reduce the Anabolism Threshold mentioning

confidence: 99%

Nutritional strategies to counteract muscle atrophy caused by disuse and to improve recovery

Magne¹,

Savary-Auzeloux²,

Rémond³

et al. 2013

Nutr. Res. Rev.

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Periods of immobilisation are often associated with pathologies and/or ageing. These periods of muscle disuse induce muscle atrophy which could worsen the pathology or elderly frailty. If muscle mass loss has positive effects in the short term, a sustained/uncontrolled muscle mass loss is deleterious for health. Muscle mass recovery following immobilisation-induced atrophy could be critical, particularly when it is uncompleted as observed during ageing. Exercise, the best way to recover muscle mass, is not always applicable. So, other approaches such as nutritional strategies are needed to limit muscle wasting and to improve muscle mass recovery in such situations. The present review discusses mechanisms involved in muscle atrophy following disuse and during recovery and emphasises the effect of age in these mechanisms. In addition, the efficiency of nutritional strategies proposed to limit muscle mass loss during disuse and to improve protein gain during recovery (leucine supplementation, whey proteins, antioxidants and anti-inflammatory compounds, energy intake) is also discussed.

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Antioxidant use in nutraceuticals

Cited by 113 publications

References 78 publications

Evaluation of antigenotoxic effects of carotenoids from green algae Chlorococcum humicola using human lymphocytes

Evaluation of antigenotoxic effects of carotenoids from green algae Chlorococcum humicola using human lymphocytes

Mediation of endogenous antioxidant enzymes and apoptotic signaling by resveratrol following muscle disuse in the gastrocnemius muscles of young and old rats

Nutritional strategies to counteract muscle atrophy caused by disuse and to improve recovery

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